📖 今天要学习的句子
In a perfect world, the reward for a good habit is the habit itself. In the real world, good habits tend to feel worthwhile only after they have provided you with something. Early on, it’s all sacrifice. You’ve gone to the gym a few times, but you’re not stronger or fitter or faster—at least, not in any noticeable sense. It’s only months later, once you shed a few pounds or your arms gain some definition, that it becomes easier to exercise for its own sake. In the beginning, you need a reason to stay on track. This is why immediate rewards are essential. They keep you excited while the delayed rewards accumulate in the background. What we’re really talking about here—when we’re discussing immediate rewards—is the ending of a behavior. The ending of any experience is vital because we tend to remember it more than other phases. You want the ending of your habit to be satisfying. The best approach is to use reinforcement, which refers to the process of using an immediate reward to increase the rate of a behavior. Habit stacking, which we covered in Chapter 5, ties your habit to an immediate cue, which makes it obvious when to start. Reinforcement ties your habit to an immediate reward, which makes it satisfying when you finish. Immediate reinforcement can be especially helpful when dealing with habits of avoidance, which are behaviors you want to stop doing. It can be challenging to stick with habits like “no frivolous purchases” or “no alcohol this month” because nothing happens when you skip happy hour drinks or don’t buy that pair of shoes. It can be hard to feel satisfied when there is no action in the first place. All you’re doing is resisting temptation, and there isn’t much satisfying about that.
在理想世界里,好习惯的奖励就是习惯本身。在现实世界里,好习惯往往只有在给你带来某些东西之后,才会让人觉得值得。一开始,它几乎全是牺牲。你去了几次健身房,但你还没有变得更强壮、更健康或更快,至少没有任何明显感觉。只有几个月后,当你减掉几磅,或者手臂有了一些线条时,为了运动本身而运动才会变得更容易。在开始阶段,你需要一个理由来保持正轨。这就是为什么即时奖励至关重要。在延迟奖励于后台逐渐积累时,它们能让你保持兴奋。当我们讨论即时奖励时,我们真正谈论的是一个行为的结尾。任何体验的结尾都至关重要,因为我们往往比其他阶段更记得它。你希望习惯的结尾是令人满足的。最佳方法是使用强化,也就是通过即时奖励来提高某个行为发生频率的过程。我们在第5章讲过的习惯叠加,会把你的习惯和一个即时提示联系起来,让开始的时机变得明显。强化会把你的习惯和即时奖励联系起来,让你完成时感到满足。在处理避免型习惯时,即时强化尤其有帮助,也就是那些你想停止做的行为。像“不要进行不必要的消费”或“这个月不喝酒”这样的习惯很难坚持,因为当你不去喝欢乐时光的酒,或不买那双鞋时,并不会发生什么明显的事。当一开始就没有具体行动发生时,你很难感到满足。你所做的只是抵抗诱惑,而这件事本身并没有多少令人满足之处。
In a perfect world, the reward for a good habit is the habit itself.
在理想世界里,好习惯的奖励就是习惯本身。
perfect world /ˈpɜːrfɪkt wɜːrld/
理想世界
Ex: In a perfect world, every healthy choice would feel easy.
例句翻译:在理想世界里,每个健康选择都会感觉很容易。
分析:perfect world 用来假设一种理想情况。
In the real world, good habits tend to feel worthwhile only after they have provided you with something.
在现实世界里,好习惯往往只有在给你带来某些东西之后,才会让人觉得值得。
real world /ˈriːəl wɜːrld/
现实世界
Ex: In the real world, plans often meet distractions.
例句翻译:在现实世界里,计划常常会遇到干扰。
分析:real world 指真实生活中的情况。
worthwhile /ˌwɜːrθˈwaɪl/
值得的
Ex: The class felt worthwhile after I used the skill at work.
例句翻译:当我在工作中用上这项技能后,这门课就显得很值得。
分析:worthwhile 表示值得投入时间或努力。
provided /prəˈvaɪdɪd/
提供;带来
Ex: The new routine provided more energy in the morning.
例句翻译:新的日常安排让我早上更有精力。
分析:provided 在这里表示某事带来了某种结果。
Early on, it’s all sacrifice.
一开始,它几乎全是牺牲。
early on /ˈɜːrli ɑːn/
一开始;早期
Ex: Early on, learning guitar can feel awkward.
例句翻译:一开始,学吉他可能会感觉别扭。
分析:early on 指过程刚开始的阶段。
sacrifice /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/
牺牲;付出
Ex: Saving money often requires a small sacrifice today.
例句翻译:存钱常常需要今天做出一点小牺牲。
分析:sacrifice 指为了目标放弃一些眼前享受。
You’ve gone to the gym a few times, but you’re not stronger or fitter or faster—at least, not in any noticeable sense.
你去了几次健身房,但你还没有变得更强壮、更健康或更快,至少没有任何明显感觉。
noticeable /ˈnoʊtɪsəbl/
明显的
Ex: After two weeks, the change was barely noticeable.
例句翻译:两周后,变化几乎还不明显。
分析:noticeable 指容易被看见或察觉。
It’s only months later, once you shed a few pounds or your arms gain some definition, that it becomes easier to exercise for its own sake.
只有几个月后,当你减掉几磅,或者手臂有了一些线条时,为了运动本身而运动才会变得更容易。
shed a few pounds /ʃed ə fjuː paʊndz/
减掉几磅体重
Ex: She shed a few pounds after walking every day.
例句翻译:她每天走路后减掉了几磅。
分析:shed 在这里表示减掉体重。
gain some definition /ɡeɪn səm ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/
肌肉线条变清晰
Ex: His arms began to gain some definition after months of training.
例句翻译:训练几个月后,他的手臂开始有了些线条。
分析:definition 在健身语境里指肌肉线条的清晰度。
for its own sake /fɔːr ɪts oʊn seɪk/
为了它本身
Ex: She reads for its own sake, not just for exams.
例句翻译:她读书是为了阅读本身,不只是为了考试。
分析:for its own sake 表示不是为了外部奖励,而是因为事情本身。
In the beginning, you need a reason to stay on track.
在开始阶段,你需要一个理由来保持正轨。
stay on track /steɪ ɑːn træk/
保持正轨
Ex: A weekly checklist helps me stay on track.
例句翻译:每周清单帮助我保持正轨。
分析:stay on track 表示持续按计划前进。
This is why immediate rewards are essential.
这就是为什么即时奖励至关重要。
immediate rewards /ɪˈmiːdiət rɪˈwɔːrdz/
即时奖励
Ex: Immediate rewards make a new routine easier to repeat.
例句翻译:即时奖励让新日常更容易被重复。
分析:immediate rewards 指行为后马上出现的回报。
essential /ɪˈsenʃl/
必要的;关键的
Ex: Water is essential during a long hike.
例句翻译:长途徒步时水是必不可少的。
分析:essential 表示非常重要、不可缺少。
They keep you excited while the delayed rewards accumulate in the background.
在延迟奖励于后台逐渐积累时,它们能让你保持兴奋。
accumulate /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/
积累
Ex: Small savings accumulate over time.
例句翻译:小额储蓄会随着时间积累。
分析:accumulate 指逐渐变多。
in the background /ɪn ðə ˈbækɡraʊnd/
在后台;不明显地
Ex: The software updates in the background.
例句翻译:这个软件会在后台更新。
分析:in the background 表示不在眼前明显发生,但仍在进行。
What we’re really talking about here—when we’re discussing immediate rewards—is the ending of a behavior.
当我们讨论即时奖励时,我们真正谈论的是一个行为的结尾。
immediate rewards /ɪˈmiːdiət rɪˈwɔːrdz/
即时奖励
Ex: Immediate rewards make a new routine easier to repeat.
例句翻译:即时奖励让新日常更容易被重复。
分析:immediate rewards 指行为后马上出现的回报。
ending /ˈendɪŋ/
结尾;结束部分
Ex: A kind ending can change how you remember a hard meeting.
例句翻译:一个友善的结尾会改变你对艰难会议的记忆。
分析:ending 指体验的最后部分。
The ending of any experience is vital because we tend to remember it more than other phases.
任何体验的结尾都至关重要,因为我们往往比其他阶段更记得它。
ending /ˈendɪŋ/
结尾;结束部分
Ex: A kind ending can change how you remember a hard meeting.
例句翻译:一个友善的结尾会改变你对艰难会议的记忆。
分析:ending 指体验的最后部分。
vital /ˈvaɪtl/
至关重要的
Ex: A clear ending is vital for a good presentation.
例句翻译:清晰的结尾对一次好演讲至关重要。
分析:vital 表示非常重要。
phases /ˈfeɪzɪz/
阶段
Ex: The project has three main phases.
例句翻译:这个项目有三个主要阶段。
分析:phases 指过程中的不同阶段。
You want the ending of your habit to be satisfying.
你希望习惯的结尾是令人满足的。
satisfying /ˈsætɪsfaɪɪŋ/
令人满足的
Ex: Crossing off a task feels satisfying.
例句翻译:划掉一个任务让人很有满足感。
分析:satisfying 表示让人感到满足或愉快。
The best approach is to use reinforcement, which refers to the process of using an immediate reward to increase the rate of a behavior.
最佳方法是使用强化,也就是通过即时奖励来提高某个行为发生频率的过程。
best approach /best əˈproʊtʃ/
最佳方法
Ex: The best approach is to start with one small habit.
例句翻译:最佳方法是从一个小习惯开始。
分析:approach 指处理事情的方法。
reinforcement /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/
强化
Ex: Praise can be powerful reinforcement for children.
例句翻译:表扬对孩子来说可以是强有力的强化。
分析:reinforcement 指用奖励或结果来加强某种行为。
refers to /rɪˈfɜːrz tuː/
指的是
Ex: The word routine refers to actions you repeat often.
例句翻译:routine 这个词指你经常重复的行动。
分析:refers to 用来解释词语或概念的含义。
increase the rate /ɪnˈkriːs ðə reɪt/
提高频率
Ex: Reminders can increase the rate of daily practice.
例句翻译:提醒可以提高每日练习的频率。
分析:rate 指发生频率,increase the rate 表示让次数变多。
Habit stacking, which we covered in Chapter 5, ties your habit to an immediate cue, which makes it obvious when to start.
我们在第5章讲过的习惯叠加,会把你的习惯和一个即时提示联系起来,让开始的时机变得明显。
Habit stacking /ˈhæbɪt ˈstækɪŋ/
习惯叠加
Ex: Habit stacking helped me remember to stretch after coffee.
例句翻译:习惯叠加帮助我记得喝完咖啡后拉伸。
分析:Habit stacking 指把新习惯接在已有习惯之后。
immediate cue /ɪˈmiːdiət kjuː/
即时提示
Ex: Putting shoes by the door is an immediate cue to walk.
例句翻译:把鞋放在门口就是去散步的即时提示。
分析:cue 指触发行为的提示。
obvious /ˈɑːbviəs/
明显的
Ex: A water bottle on the desk makes drinking water obvious.
例句翻译:桌上的水瓶让喝水这件事变得明显。
分析:obvious 表示容易被注意到。
Reinforcement ties your habit to an immediate reward, which makes it satisfying when you finish.
强化会把你的习惯和即时奖励联系起来,让你完成时感到满足。
reinforcement /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/
强化
Ex: Praise can be powerful reinforcement for children.
例句翻译:表扬对孩子来说可以是强有力的强化。
分析:reinforcement 指用奖励或结果来加强某种行为。
finish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/
完成;结束
Ex: Play your favorite song after you finish cleaning.
例句翻译:打扫结束后播放你最喜欢的歌。
分析:finish 指完成某个行为。
Immediate reinforcement can be especially helpful when dealing with habits of avoidance, which are behaviors you want to stop doing.
在处理避免型习惯时,即时强化尤其有帮助,也就是那些你想停止做的行为。
reinforcement /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/
强化
Ex: Praise can be powerful reinforcement for children.
例句翻译:表扬对孩子来说可以是强有力的强化。
分析:reinforcement 指用奖励或结果来加强某种行为。
habits of avoidance /ˈhæbɪts əv əˈvɔɪdəns/
避免型习惯
Ex: Habits of avoidance include not checking your phone at dinner.
例句翻译:避免型习惯包括晚餐时不看手机。
分析:habits of avoidance 指目标是停止做某事的习惯。
It can be challenging to stick with habits like “no frivolous purchases” or “no alcohol this month” because nothing happens when you skip happy hour drinks or don’t buy that pair of shoes.
像“不要进行不必要的消费”或“这个月不喝酒”这样的习惯很难坚持,因为当你不去喝欢乐时光的酒,或不买那双鞋时,并不会发生什么明显的事。
challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/
有挑战的
Ex: It is challenging to wake up early in winter.
例句翻译:冬天早起很有挑战。
分析:challenging 表示困难但可以努力做到。
stick with /stɪk wɪð/
坚持
Ex: Stick with the plan for one more week.
例句翻译:再坚持这个计划一周。
分析:stick with 表示持续做某事。
frivolous purchases /ˈfrɪvələs ˈpɜːrtʃəsɪz/
不必要的冲动消费
Ex: She tracks frivolous purchases to save more money.
例句翻译:她记录不必要的消费来存更多钱。
分析:frivolous purchases 指不重要、不必要的购买。
happy hour drinks /ˈhæpi aʊər drɪŋks/
欢乐时光酒水
Ex: Skipping happy hour drinks saved him money this month.
例句翻译:不去喝欢乐时光酒水让他这个月省了钱。
分析:happy hour drinks 指酒吧折扣时段的饮品。
It can be hard to feel satisfied when there is no action in the first place.
当一开始就没有具体行动发生时,你很难感到满足。
in the first place /ɪn ðə fɜːrst pleɪs/
一开始;本来
Ex: There was no need to buy the extra bag in the first place.
例句翻译:一开始就没必要买那个额外的包。
分析:in the first place 用来强调事情从一开始就是如此。
All you’re doing is resisting temptation, and there isn’t much satisfying about that.
你所做的只是抵抗诱惑,而这件事本身并没有多少令人满足之处。
resisting temptation /rɪˈzɪstɪŋ tempˈteɪʃn/
抵抗诱惑
Ex: Resisting temptation is easier when snacks are out of sight.
例句翻译:零食不在视线里时,抵抗诱惑更容易。
分析:resisting temptation 指忍住不做诱人的事。
satisfying /ˈsætɪsfaɪɪŋ/
令人满足的
Ex: Crossing off a task feels satisfying.
例句翻译:划掉一个任务让人很有满足感。
分析:satisfying 表示让人感到满足或愉快。
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