📖 今天要学习的句子
The first three laws of behavior change—make it obvious, make it attractive, and make it easy—increase the odds that a behavior will be performed this time. The fourth law of behavior change—make it satisfying—increases the odds that a behavior will be repeated next time. It completes the habit loop. But there is a trick. We are not looking for just any type of satisfaction. We are looking for immediate satisfaction. The Mismatch Between Immediate and Delayed Rewards Imagine you’re an animal roaming the plains of Africa—a giraffe or an elephant or a lion. On any given day, most of your decisions have an immediate impact. You are always thinking about what to eat or where to sleep or how to avoid a predator. You are constantly focused on the present or the very near future. You live in what scientists call an immediate-return environment because your actions instantly deliver clear and immediate outcomes. Now switch back to your human self. In modern society, many of the choices you make today will not benefit you immediately. If you do a good job at work, you’ll get a paycheck in a few weeks. If you exercise today, perhaps you won’t be overweight next year. If you save money now, maybe you’ll have enough for retirement decades from now. You live in what scientists call a delayed-return environment because you can work for years before your actions deliver the intended payoff.
行为改变的前三条法则——让它显而易见、让它有吸引力、让它简单易行——会提高这一次执行某个行为的可能性。行为改变的第四条法则——让它令人满足——会提高下一次重复这个行为的可能性。它完成了习惯循环。但这里有一个关键点。我们寻找的并不是随便哪一种满足感。我们寻找的是即时满足。即时奖励与延迟奖励之间的不匹配。想象你是一只在非洲平原上游荡的动物——一只长颈鹿、一头大象,或者一头狮子。在任何一天,你的大多数决定都会产生即时影响。你总是在思考吃什么、睡在哪里,或者如何避开捕食者。你会持续专注于当下或非常近的未来。你生活在科学家所说的即时回报环境中,因为你的行动会立刻带来清晰而即时的结果。现在切换回你作为人类的自己。在现代社会中,你今天做出的许多选择并不会立刻让你受益。如果你工作做得好,你会在几周后拿到工资。如果你今天锻炼,也许明年你就不会超重。如果你现在存钱,也许几十年后你就会有足够的钱用于退休。你生活在科学家所说的延迟回报环境中,因为你可能要努力工作多年,行动才会带来预期回报。
The first three laws of behavior change—make it obvious, make it attractive, and make it easy—increase the odds that a behavior will be performed this time.
行为改变的前三条法则——让它显而易见、让它有吸引力、让它简单易行——会提高这一次执行某个行为的可能性。
laws of behavior change /lɔːz əv bɪˈheɪvjər tʃeɪndʒ/
行为改变法则
Ex: The laws of behavior change help explain why habits last.
例句翻译:行为改变法则有助于解释习惯为什么能持续。
分析:这个短语指改变习惯时遵循的基本原则。
obvious /ˈɑːbviəs/
明显的
Ex: Put your book on the desk to make reading obvious.
例句翻译:把书放在桌上,让阅读这个动作变得明显。
分析:obvious 表示容易看见、容易注意到。
attractive /əˈtræktɪv/
有吸引力的
Ex: A pleasant playlist can make cleaning more attractive.
例句翻译:一份好听的歌单能让打扫更有吸引力。
分析:attractive 在习惯语境里表示让人更想去做。
increase the odds /ɪnˈkriːs ði ɑːdz/
提高可能性
Ex: Preparing your gym bag can increase the odds that you exercise.
例句翻译:提前准备健身包能提高你去锻炼的可能性。
分析:increase the odds 表示让某事更可能发生。
performed /pərˈfɔːrmd/
被执行;被完成
Ex: The task was performed carefully by the whole team.
例句翻译:整个团队认真完成了这项任务。
分析:performed 在这里指某个行为被实际做出来。
The fourth law of behavior change—make it satisfying—increases the odds that a behavior will be repeated next time.
行为改变的第四条法则——让它令人满足——会提高下一次重复这个行为的可能性。
satisfaction /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/
满足感
Ex: Finishing a small task gives me satisfaction.
例句翻译:完成一件小任务会给我满足感。
分析:satisfaction 指完成或获得某事后的满足感觉。
increase the odds /ɪnˈkriːs ði ɑːdz/
提高可能性
Ex: Preparing your gym bag can increase the odds that you exercise.
例句翻译:提前准备健身包能提高你去锻炼的可能性。
分析:increase the odds 表示让某事更可能发生。
repeated /rɪˈpiːtɪd/
被重复的
Ex: A rewarding action is often repeated.
例句翻译:有回报的行动常常会被重复。
分析:repeated 指再次发生或再次执行。
It completes the habit loop.
它完成了习惯循环。
habit loop /ˈhæbɪt luːp/
习惯循环
Ex: A cue, a routine, and a reward form a habit loop.
例句翻译:提示、行为和奖励构成一个习惯循环。
分析:habit loop 指习惯从触发到回报的循环过程。
But there is a trick.
但这里有一个关键点。
trick /trɪk/
诀窍;关键点
Ex: The trick is to start before you feel ready.
例句翻译:诀窍是在你觉得准备好之前就开始。
分析:trick 在这里指需要注意的关键点。
We are not looking for just any type of satisfaction.
我们寻找的并不是随便哪一种满足感。
satisfaction /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/
满足感
Ex: Finishing a small task gives me satisfaction.
例句翻译:完成一件小任务会给我满足感。
分析:satisfaction 指完成或获得某事后的满足感觉。
We are looking for immediate satisfaction.
我们寻找的是即时满足。
immediate satisfaction /ɪˈmiːdiət ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn/
即时满足
Ex: Checking a box gives immediate satisfaction.
例句翻译:勾掉一个任务框会带来即时满足。
分析:immediate satisfaction 强调奖励马上出现。
The Mismatch Between Immediate and Delayed Rewards
即时奖励与延迟奖励之间的不匹配。
mismatch /ˈmɪsmætʃ/
不匹配;错位
Ex: There is a mismatch between what people want and what the app offers.
例句翻译:人们想要的东西和这个应用提供的东西之间存在不匹配。
分析:mismatch 指两件事不一致、不合拍。
delayed rewards /dɪˈleɪd rɪˈwɔːrdz/
延迟奖励
Ex: Saving money gives delayed rewards, not instant pleasure.
例句翻译:存钱带来的是延迟奖励,而不是即时快乐。
分析:delayed rewards 指过一段时间后才出现的回报。
Imagine you’re an animal roaming the plains of Africa—a giraffe or an elephant or a lion.
想象你是一只在非洲平原上游荡的动物——一只长颈鹿、一头大象,或者一头狮子。
roaming /ˈroʊmɪŋ/
漫游;四处走动
Ex: The children spent the afternoon roaming the old town.
例句翻译:孩子们整个下午都在老城区四处走动。
分析:roaming 表示没有固定路线地走动。
plains /pleɪnz/
平原
Ex: Zebras moved slowly across the open plains.
例句翻译:斑马慢慢穿过开阔的平原。
分析:plains 指大片平坦开阔的土地。
On any given day, most of your decisions have an immediate impact.
在任何一天,你的大多数决定都会产生即时影响。
on any given day /ɑːn ˈeni ˈɡɪvn deɪ/
在任何一天
Ex: On any given day, the cafe is full by noon.
例句翻译:几乎任何一天,这家咖啡馆中午前都会坐满。
分析:on any given day 表示普通的一天、任意一天。
immediate impact /ɪˈmiːdiət ˈɪmpækt/
即时影响
Ex: A kind word can have an immediate impact on someone’s mood.
例句翻译:一句友善的话能立刻影响一个人的心情。
分析:immediate impact 指马上出现的影响。
You are always thinking about what to eat or where to sleep or how to avoid a predator.
你总是在思考吃什么、睡在哪里,或者如何避开捕食者。
predator /ˈpredətər/
捕食者
Ex: A rabbit must stay alert to avoid a predator.
例句翻译:兔子必须保持警觉以避开捕食者。
分析:predator 指捕食其他动物的动物。
You are constantly focused on the present or the very near future.
你会持续专注于当下或非常近的未来。
constantly focused /ˈkɑːnstəntli ˈfoʊkəst/
持续专注于
Ex: During exams, she was constantly focused on her notes.
例句翻译:考试期间,她一直专注于自己的笔记。
分析:constantly focused 强调注意力持续放在某事上。
present /ˈpreznt/
现在;当下
Ex: Meditation helps me stay in the present.
例句翻译:冥想帮助我停留在当下。
分析:present 作名词时指现在这一刻。
near future /nɪr ˈfjuːtʃər/
不久的将来
Ex: We will update the schedule in the near future.
例句翻译:我们会在不久的将来更新日程。
分析:near future 指很快会到来的未来。
You live in what scientists call an immediate-return environment because your actions instantly deliver clear and immediate outcomes.
你生活在科学家所说的即时回报环境中,因为你的行动会立刻带来清晰而即时的结果。
immediate-return environment /ɪˈmiːdiət rɪˈtɜːrn ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/
即时回报环境
Ex: A game is an immediate-return environment because points appear right away.
例句翻译:游戏是一种即时回报环境,因为分数马上出现。
分析:这个短语指行动后很快得到结果的环境。
instantly /ˈɪnstəntli/
立刻
Ex: The lights turned on instantly.
例句翻译:灯立刻亮了。
分析:instantly 强调几乎马上发生。
outcomes /ˈaʊtkʌmz/
结果
Ex: Better planning led to better outcomes.
例句翻译:更好的计划带来了更好的结果。
分析:outcomes 指行动或过程产生的结果。
Now switch back to your human self.
现在切换回你作为人类的自己。
human self /ˈhjuːmən self/
人类身份;人的自己
Ex: Now return to your human self and think about tomorrow’s plan.
例句翻译:现在回到你作为人的自己,想想明天的计划。
分析:human self 在文中与动物处境形成对比。
In modern society, many of the choices you make today will not benefit you immediately.
在现代社会中,你今天做出的许多选择并不会立刻让你受益。
modern society /ˈmɑːdərn səˈsaɪəti/
现代社会
Ex: Modern society rewards many skills slowly over time.
例句翻译:现代社会会随着时间慢慢奖励许多技能。
分析:modern society 指当代人类社会。
benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/
使受益;好处
Ex: Daily reading can benefit your writing.
例句翻译:每日阅读会让你的写作受益。
分析:benefit 作动词时表示对某人有好处。
If you do a good job at work, you’ll get a paycheck in a few weeks.
如果你工作做得好,你会在几周后拿到工资。
paycheck /ˈpeɪtʃek/
工资;薪水
Ex: She receives her paycheck every other Friday.
例句翻译:她每隔一个周五领一次工资。
分析:paycheck 指按期收到的工资。
If you exercise today, perhaps you won’t be overweight next year.
如果你今天锻炼,也许明年你就不会超重。
overweight /ˌoʊvərˈweɪt/
超重的
Ex: Regular walks helped him avoid becoming overweight.
例句翻译:规律散步帮助他避免变得超重。
分析:overweight 指体重超过健康范围。
If you save money now, maybe you’ll have enough for retirement decades from now.
如果你现在存钱,也许几十年后你就会有足够的钱用于退休。
retirement /rɪˈtaɪərmənt/
退休
Ex: They save a little each month for retirement.
例句翻译:他们每月为退休存一点钱。
分析:retirement 指停止全职工作后的生活阶段。
decades /ˈdekeɪdz/
几十年
Ex: The bridge has served the city for decades.
例句翻译:这座桥为这座城市服务了几十年。
分析:decades 指多个十年。
You live in what scientists call a delayed-return environment because you can work for years before your actions deliver the intended payoff.
你生活在科学家所说的延迟回报环境中,因为你可能要努力工作多年,行动才会带来预期回报。
delayed-return environment /dɪˈleɪd rɪˈtɜːrn ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/
延迟回报环境
Ex: College is a delayed-return environment because the payoff comes later.
例句翻译:大学是一种延迟回报环境,因为回报会在以后到来。
分析:这个短语指行动的结果要很久以后才出现的环境。
intended payoff /ɪnˈtendɪd ˈpeɪɔːf/
预期回报
Ex: The intended payoff of practice is better performance.
例句翻译:练习的预期回报是更好的表现。
分析:intended payoff 指本来希望得到的结果或回报。
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