📖 今天要学习的句子
“In Pakistan, Safeguard was a premium soap,” Luby told me. “The study participants commonly mentioned how much they liked it.” The soap foamed easily, and people were able to lather their hands with suds. It smelled great. Instantly, handwashing became slightly more pleasurable. “I see the goal of handwashing promotion not as behavior change but as habit adoption,” Luby said. It is a lot easier for people to adopt a product that provides a strong positive sensory signal, for example the mint taste of toothpaste, than it is to adopt a habit that does not provide pleasurable sensory feedback, like flossing one’s teeth. The marketing team at Procter & Gamble talked about trying to create a positive handwashing experience. Within months, the researchers saw a rapid shift in the health of children in the neighborhood. The rate of diarrhea fell by 52 percent; pneumonia by 48 percent; and impetigo, a bacterial skin infection, by 35 percent. The long-term effects were even better. “We went back to some of the households in Karachi six years after,” Luby told me. “Over 95 percent of households who had been given the soap for free and encouraged to wash their hands had a handwashing station with soap and water available when our study team visited.” “We had not given any soap to the intervention group for over five years, but during the trial they had become so habituated to wash their hands, that they had maintained the practice.” It was a powerful example of the fourth and final Law of Behavior Change: make it satisfying.
卢比告诉我：“在巴基斯坦，舒肤佳是一种高端香皂。”“研究参与者经常提到他们有多喜欢它。”这种香皂很容易起泡，人们可以把双手搓出丰富泡沫。它闻起来也很香。洗手立刻变得稍微更令人愉快了。卢比说：“我认为洗手推广的目标不是改变行为，而是让人采纳一种习惯。”“人们更容易接受一种能提供强烈正向感官信号的产品，比如牙膏的薄荷味；而要接受一种没有愉悦感官反馈的习惯，比如用牙线清洁牙齿，就难得多。”宝洁公司的营销团队谈到，他们试图创造一种积极的洗手体验。几个月内，研究人员就看到社区儿童的健康状况出现了快速转变。腹泻率下降了52%，肺炎下降了48%，脓疱病这种细菌性皮肤感染下降了35%。长期效果甚至更好。卢比告诉我：“六年后，我们回访了卡拉奇的一些家庭。”“当我们的研究团队去访问时，超过95%曾免费获得香皂并被鼓励洗手的家庭，都有一个配备香皂和水的洗手点。”“我们已经五年多没有给干预组提供任何香皂了，但在试验期间，他们已经非常习惯洗手，因此一直保持着这个做法。”这是行为改变第四条，也是最后一条法则的有力例子：让它令人满足。
“In Pakistan, Safeguard was a premium soap,” Luby told me.
卢比告诉我：“在巴基斯坦，舒肤佳是一种高端香皂。”
premium soap /ˈpriːmiəm soʊp/
高端香皂
Ex: The hotel provides premium soap in every bathroom.
例句翻译：这家酒店在每间浴室都提供高端香皂。
分析：premium 表示品质更高、价格也可能更高。
“The study participants commonly mentioned how much they liked it.”
“研究参与者经常提到他们有多喜欢它。”
study participants /ˈstʌdi pɑːrˈtɪsɪpənts/
研究参与者
Ex: The study participants answered a short survey.
例句翻译：研究参与者填写了一份简短问卷。
分析：study participants 指参加研究或实验的人。
commonly /ˈkɑːmənli/
通常；普遍地
Ex: This phrase is commonly used in business emails.
例句翻译：这个短语常用于商务邮件。
分析：commonly 强调某事经常发生或被广泛使用。
mentioned /ˈmenʃnd/
提到
Ex: She mentioned a good restaurant near the station.
例句翻译：她提到车站附近有一家不错的餐厅。
分析：mentioned 表示在谈话或文字中简短提及。
The soap foamed easily, and people were able to lather their hands with suds.
这种香皂很容易起泡，人们可以把双手搓出丰富泡沫。
foamed /foʊmd/
起泡
Ex: The shampoo foamed quickly in warm water.
例句翻译：洗发水在温水里很快起泡。
分析：foamed 指液体或肥皂产生泡沫。
lather /ˈlæðər/
涂满泡沫；泡沫
Ex: Lather your hands for twenty seconds before rinsing.
例句翻译：冲洗前，把双手打出泡沫搓洗二十秒。
分析：lather 作动词时表示把肥皂搓出泡沫并涂抹。
suds /sʌdz/
肥皂泡沫
Ex: The sink was full of warm suds after washing dishes.
例句翻译：洗完盘子后，水槽里满是温热的泡沫。
分析：suds 是口语里常见的肥皂泡沫表达。
It smelled great.
它闻起来也很香。
Instantly, handwashing became slightly more pleasurable.
洗手立刻变得稍微更令人愉快了。
instantly /ˈɪnstəntli/
立刻；马上
Ex: The room instantly felt warmer after we closed the window.
例句翻译：我们关上窗后，房间立刻暖和了些。
分析：instantly 强调事情几乎马上发生。
pleasurable /ˈpleʒərəbl/
令人愉快的
Ex: A quiet walk can be a pleasurable way to end the day.
例句翻译：安静地散步可以成为结束一天的愉快方式。
分析：pleasurable 形容某事让人感到舒服、享受。
“I see the goal of handwashing promotion not as behavior change but as habit adoption,” Luby said.
卢比说：“我认为洗手推广的目标不是改变行为，而是让人采纳一种习惯。”
handwashing promotion /ˈhændwɑːʃɪŋ prəˈmoʊʃn/
洗手推广
Ex: The school started a handwashing promotion before flu season.
例句翻译：流感季前，学校发起了洗手推广活动。
分析：promotion 在这里指倡导、推广某种健康行为。
behavior change /bɪˈheɪvjər tʃeɪndʒ/
行为改变
Ex: Behavior change is easier when the first step is simple.
例句翻译：当第一步很简单时，行为改变会更容易。
分析：behavior change 指人的具体行为方式发生改变。
habit adoption /ˈhæbɪt əˈdɑːpʃn/
习惯采纳；养成习惯
Ex: Habit adoption improves when the habit feels rewarding.
例句翻译：当习惯让人觉得有回报时，习惯养成会更顺利。
分析：habit adoption 强调把某个行为接纳为日常习惯。
It is a lot easier for people to adopt a product that provides a strong positive sensory signal, for example the mint taste of toothpaste, than it is to adopt a habit that does not provide pleasurable sensory feedback, like flossing one’s teeth.
“人们更容易接受一种能提供强烈正向感官信号的产品，比如牙膏的薄荷味；而要接受一种没有愉悦感官反馈的习惯，比如用牙线清洁牙齿，就难得多。”
adopt /əˈdɑːpt/
采用；采纳
Ex: Our team decided to adopt a simpler schedule.
例句翻译：我们团队决定采用一个更简单的日程安排。
分析：adopt 可表示采用方法、产品、习惯或规则。
provides /prəˈvaɪdz/
提供
Ex: This app provides reminders for daily practice.
例句翻译：这个应用为每日练习提供提醒。
分析：provides 表示给予或供应某种东西。
sensory signal /ˈsensəri ˈsɪɡnəl/
感官信号
Ex: The smell of coffee is a strong sensory signal in the morning.
例句翻译：咖啡的香味是早晨强烈的感官信号。
分析：sensory signal 指味道、气味、触感等带来的提示。
mint taste /mɪnt teɪst/
薄荷味
Ex: The mint taste made the toothpaste feel fresh.
例句翻译：薄荷味让牙膏用起来很清爽。
分析：mint taste 指薄荷带来的清凉味道。
toothpaste /ˈtuːθpeɪst/
牙膏
Ex: Remember to pack toothpaste for the trip.
例句翻译：记得为旅行带上牙膏。
分析：toothpaste 是日常生活中刷牙用的牙膏。
sensory feedback /ˈsensəri ˈfiːdbæk/
感官反馈
Ex: The soft towel gives pleasant sensory feedback.
例句翻译：柔软的毛巾会带来舒服的感官反馈。
分析：sensory feedback 指身体感官接收到的反馈。
flossing /ˈflɔːsɪŋ/
使用牙线
Ex: Flossing every night keeps your teeth cleaner.
例句翻译：每晚使用牙线能让牙齿更干净。
分析：flossing 指用牙线清洁牙缝。
The marketing team at Procter & Gamble talked about trying to create a positive handwashing experience.
宝洁公司的营销团队谈到，他们试图创造一种积极的洗手体验。
marketing team /ˈmɑːrkɪtɪŋ tiːm/
营销团队
Ex: The marketing team designed a new poster for the product.
例句翻译：营销团队为这个产品设计了一张新海报。
分析：marketing team 指负责推广产品或品牌的团队。
Procter & Gamble /ˌprɑːktər ənd ˈɡæmbl/
宝洁公司
Ex: Procter & Gamble makes many household products.
例句翻译：宝洁公司生产许多家用产品。
分析：Procter & Gamble 是文中肥皂品牌背后的消费品公司。
handwashing experience /ˈhændwɑːʃɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns/
洗手体验
Ex: A nice scent can improve the handwashing experience.
例句翻译：好闻的香味可以改善洗手体验。
分析：experience 强调整个使用过程给人的感受。
Within months, the researchers saw a rapid shift in the health of children in the neighborhood.
几个月内，研究人员就看到社区儿童的健康状况出现了快速转变。
within months /wɪˈðɪn mʌnθs/
几个月内
Ex: Within months, the small shop became popular.
例句翻译：几个月内，这家小店就受欢迎了。
分析：within months 表示事情在几个月这个时间范围内发生。
researchers /ˈriːsɜːrtʃərz/
研究人员
Ex: Researchers compared the results from two groups.
例句翻译：研究人员比较了两组的结果。
分析：researchers 指做调查、实验或研究的人。
rapid shift /ˈræpɪd ʃɪft/
快速转变
Ex: The company saw a rapid shift to online sales.
例句翻译：这家公司看到销售迅速转向线上。
分析：rapid shift 表示变化速度很快。
neighborhood /ˈneɪbərhʊd/
社区；街区
Ex: Children in the neighborhood play in the same park.
例句翻译：社区里的孩子们在同一个公园玩。
分析：neighborhood 指人们居住的周边区域。
The rate of diarrhea fell by 52 percent; pneumonia by 48 percent; and impetigo, a bacterial skin infection, by 35 percent.
腹泻率下降了52%，肺炎下降了48%，脓疱病这种细菌性皮肤感染下降了35%。
rate /reɪt/
比率；发生率
Ex: The city lowered the accident rate with safer roads.
例句翻译：这座城市通过更安全的道路降低了事故率。
分析：rate 常用来表示某事发生的比例或频率。
diarrhea /ˌdaɪəˈriːə/
腹泻
Ex: Clean water can reduce diarrhea in young children.
例句翻译：干净的水能减少幼儿腹泻。
分析：diarrhea 是健康话题中常见的症状词。
pneumonia /nuːˈmoʊniə/
肺炎
Ex: The child stayed home while recovering from pneumonia.
例句翻译：那个孩子在肺炎康复期间待在家里。
分析：pneumonia 指肺部感染引发的疾病。
impetigo /ˌɪmpɪˈtaɪɡoʊ/
脓疱病
Ex: The nurse treated the child's impetigo with medicine.
例句翻译：护士用药治疗了孩子的脓疱病。
分析：impetigo 是一种细菌性皮肤感染。
bacterial skin infection /bækˈtɪriəl skɪn ɪnˈfekʃn/
细菌性皮肤感染
Ex: A small cut can become a bacterial skin infection if it is not cleaned.
例句翻译：小伤口如果不清洁，可能变成细菌性皮肤感染。
分析：这个短语说明感染的类型和部位。
The long-term effects were even better.
长期效果甚至更好。
long-term effects /ˌlɔːŋ tɜːrm ɪˈfekts/
长期效果
Ex: The long-term effects of daily reading are easy to underestimate.
例句翻译：每日阅读的长期效果很容易被低估。
分析：long-term effects 指过一段较长时间后仍存在的影响。
“We went back to some of the households in Karachi six years after,” Luby told me.
卢比告诉我：“六年后，我们回访了卡拉奇的一些家庭。”
households /ˈhaʊshoʊldz/
家庭；住户
Ex: Several households on the street share one garden.
例句翻译：这条街上的几户人家共用一个花园。
分析：households 指共同生活的一户人家或住户。
“Over 95 percent of households who had been given the soap for free and encouraged to wash their hands had a handwashing station with soap and water available when our study team visited.”
“当我们的研究团队去访问时，超过95%曾免费获得香皂并被鼓励洗手的家庭，都有一个配备香皂和水的洗手点。”
households /ˈhaʊshoʊldz/
家庭；住户
Ex: Several households on the street share one garden.
例句翻译：这条街上的几户人家共用一个花园。
分析：households 指共同生活的一户人家或住户。
encouraged /ɪnˈkɜːrɪdʒd/
鼓励
Ex: The coach encouraged everyone to keep practicing.
例句翻译：教练鼓励每个人继续练习。
分析：encouraged 表示给予信心、支持或推动。
handwashing station /ˈhændwɑːʃɪŋ ˈsteɪʃn/
洗手点；洗手设施
Ex: The school placed a handwashing station near the cafeteria.
例句翻译：学校在食堂附近放了一个洗手点。
分析：handwashing station 指配有水和肥皂的洗手位置。
available /əˈveɪləbl/
可用的；可获得的
Ex: Free water is available at the front desk.
例句翻译：前台有免费饮用水可用。
分析：available 表示可以使用、获得或找到。
“We had not given any soap to the intervention group for over five years, but during the trial they had become so habituated to wash their hands, that they had maintained the practice.”
“我们已经五年多没有给干预组提供任何香皂了，但在试验期间，他们已经非常习惯洗手，因此一直保持着这个做法。”
intervention group /ˌɪntərˈvenʃn ɡruːp/
干预组
Ex: The intervention group received weekly health reminders.
例句翻译：干预组每周收到健康提醒。
分析：intervention group 指研究中接受某种干预措施的一组人。
trial /ˈtraɪəl/
试验；试用
Ex: The new teaching method worked well during the trial.
例句翻译：这种新教学方法在试验期间效果很好。
分析：trial 在研究语境里指测试或实验阶段。
habituated /həˈbɪtʃueɪtɪd/
习惯于
Ex: After a month, he became habituated to waking up early.
例句翻译：一个月后，他习惯了早起。
分析：habituated 表示已经习惯某种行为或环境。
maintained /meɪnˈteɪnd/
保持；维持
Ex: She maintained her exercise routine during the busy season.
例句翻译：忙碌时期她仍然保持锻炼习惯。
分析：maintained 强调持续保持某个状态或做法。
practice /ˈpræktɪs/
做法；习惯性行为
Ex: Turning off the lights became a nightly practice.
例句翻译：关灯成了每晚的固定做法。
分析：practice 在这里指长期保持的做法，而不只是练习。
It was a powerful example of the fourth and final Law of Behavior Change: make it satisfying.
这是行为改变第四条，也是最后一条法则的有力例子：让它令人满足。
powerful example /ˈpaʊərfl ɪɡˈzæmpl/
有力的例子
Ex: Her progress is a powerful example of steady effort.
例句翻译：她的进步是持续努力的有力例子。
分析：powerful example 指能强烈说明某个观点的例子。
final Law /ˈfaɪnl lɔː/
最后一条法则
Ex: The final law explains why rewards help habits last.
例句翻译：最后一条法则解释了为什么奖励能让习惯持续。
分析：final Law 在文中指行为改变四定律中的最后一条。
satisfying /ˈsætɪsfaɪɪŋ/
令人满足的
Ex: Checking a task off your list feels satisfying.
例句翻译：把任务从清单上划掉让人很有满足感。
分析：satisfying 表示某事让人觉得有成就感或愉悦感。
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