Asch ran this experiment many times and in many different ways.What he discovered was that as the number of actors increased, so did the conformity of the subject.If it was just the subject and one actor, then there was no effect on the person's choice.They just assumed they were in the room with a dummy.When two actors were in the room with the subject, there was still little impact.But as the number of people increased to three actors and four and all the way to eight, the subject became more likely to second-guess themselves.By the end of the experiment, nearly 75 percent of the subjects had agreed with the group answer even though it was obviously incorrect.Whenever we are unsure how to act, we look to the group to guide our behavior.We are constantly scanning our environment and wondering, "What is everyone else doing?"We check reviews on Amazon or Yelp or TripAdvisor because we want to imitate the "best" buying, eating, and travel habits.It's usually a smart strategy.There is evidence in numbers.But there can be a downside.The normal behavior of the tribe often overpowers the desired behavior of the individual.For example, one study found that when a chimpanzee learns an effective way to crack nuts open as a member of one group and then switches to a new group that uses a less effective strategy, it will avoid using the superior nut cracking method just to blend in with the rest of the chimps.Humans are similar.There is tremendous internal pressure to comply with the norms of the group.The reward of being accepted is often greater than the reward of winning an argument, looking smart, or finding truth.Most days, we'd rather be wrong with the crowd than be right by ourselves.The human mind knows how to get along with others.It wants to get along with others.This is our natural mode.You can override it, you can choose to ignore the group or to stop caring what other people think, but it takes work.Running against the grain of your culture requires extra effort.When changing your habits means challenging the tribe, change is unattractive.When changing your habits means fitting in with the tribe, change is very attractive.
The normal behavior of the tribe often overpowers the desired behavior of the individual.
群体中的正常行为常常会压倒个人想要的行为。
tribe/traɪb/
n. 部落;群体
Ex: Everyone wants to belong to a tribe.
例句翻译:每个人都想属于某个群体。 分析:这里是比喻义,指让人产生归属感的社群。
overpowers/ˌoʊvərˈpaʊərz/
v. 压倒,胜过(第三人称单数)
Ex: Fear overpowered his confidence.
例句翻译:恐惧压倒了他的自信。 分析:强调群体力量比个人意愿更强。
desired/dɪˈzaɪərd/
adj. 想要的,渴望的
Ex: She finally reached her desired goal.
例句翻译:她终于达到了自己想要的目标。 分析:指个体真正想做但未必能坚持的行为。
individual/ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/
n. 个人,个体
Ex: Each individual makes different choices.
例句翻译:每个人都会做出不同选择。 分析:与 tribe 相对,突出个人和群体之间的张力。
For example, one study found that when a chimpanzee learns an effective way to crack nuts open as a member of one group and then switches to a new group that uses a less effective strategy, it will avoid using the superior nut cracking method just to blend in with the rest of the chimps.