📖 今天要学习的句子
The experiment always began the same. First, there would be some easy trials where everyone agreed on the correct line. After a few rounds, the participants were shown a test that was just as obvious as the previous ones, except the actors in the room would select an intentionally incorrect answer. For example, they would respond "A" to the comparison shown in Figure 10. Everyone would agree that the lines were the same even though they were clearly different. The subject, who was unaware of the ruse, would immediately become bewildered. Their eyes would open wide. They would laugh nervously to themselves. They would double-check the reactions of other participants. Their agitation would grow as one person after another delivered the same incorrect response. Soon, the subject began to doubt their own eyes. Eventually, they delivered the answer they knew in their heart to be incorrect. Asch ran this experiment many times and in many different ways. What he discovered was that as the number of actors increased, so did the conformity of the subject. If it was just the subject and one actor, then there was no effect on the person's choice. They just assumed they were in the room with a dummy. When two actors were in the room with the subject, there was still little impact. But as the number of people increased to three actors and four and all the way to eight, the subject became more likely to second-guess themselves. By the end of the experiment, nearly 75 percent of the subjects had agreed with the group answer even though it was obviously incorrect.
这个实验每次开始时都一样。首先，会有几轮简单的测试，在这些测试中，所有人都会对正确的线条答案达成一致。几轮之后，参与者会看到一道与前面同样明显的测试题，不同的是，房间里的演员会故意选一个错误答案。比如，他们会对图10中的比较题回答“A”。尽管这些线条明明不同，但所有人都会一致说它们是一样的。 那位并不知道这场骗局的受试者，会立刻变得困惑不已。他们会睁大眼睛，紧张地自顾自发笑，还会反复确认其他参与者的反应。随着一个接一个的人给出同样错误的回答，他们的不安会越来越强。很快，这位受试者就开始怀疑自己的眼睛。最终，他们说出了那个自己心里明明知道是错误的答案。 阿希用许多不同的方式重复做了这个实验很多次。他发现，随着演员人数的增加，受试者的从众程度也会随之上升。如果房间里只有受试者和一个演员，那么这个人几乎不会受到影响。他们只会以为自己是和一个傻瓜待在同一个房间里。当房间里有两个演员和受试者在一起时，影响仍然很小。但当人数增加到三个、四个，甚至一路增加到八个演员时，受试者就更容易开始怀疑自己。到实验结束时，将近75%的受试者都认同了群体给出的答案，尽管那个答案显然是错误的。
The experiment always began the same.
这个实验每次开始时都一样。
experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/
n. 实验
Ex: The students watched a science experiment.
例句翻译：学生们观看了一个科学实验。
分析：指为了验证某个观点而设计的测试过程。
began /bɪˈɡæn/
v. 开始（begin 的过去式）
Ex: The meeting began at nine o'clock.
例句翻译：会议九点开始。
分析：表示某个过程或事件正式启动。
the same /ðə seɪm/
phr. 相同的，一样的
Ex: We wore the same color yesterday.
例句翻译：我们昨天穿了同样的颜色。
分析：表示没有变化，保持一致。
First, there would be some easy trials where everyone agreed on the correct line.
首先，会有几轮简单的测试，在这些测试中，所有人都会对正确的线条答案达成一致。
trials /ˈtraɪəlz/
n. 测试，试验（复数）
Ex: The drug passed all clinical trials.
例句翻译：这种药通过了所有临床试验。
分析：在实验语境中，指一次次具体的测试过程。
agreed on /əˈɡriːd ɑːn/
phr. 对……达成一致
Ex: They agreed on a date for the event.
例句翻译：他们就活动日期达成了一致。
分析：表示几个人对某个答案或决定意见一致。
correct /kəˈrekt/
adj. 正确的
Ex: Please choose the correct answer.
例句翻译：请选择正确答案。
分析：指符合事实或标准，没有错误。
After a few rounds, the participants were shown a test that was just as obvious as the previous ones, except the actors in the room would select an intentionally incorrect answer.
几轮之后，参与者会看到一道与前面同样明显的测试题，不同的是，房间里的演员会故意选一个错误答案。
participants /pɑːrˈtɪsɪpənts/
n. 参与者（复数）
Ex: All participants listened carefully.
例句翻译：所有参与者都认真听了。
分析：指参加某个活动或实验的人。
obvious /ˈɑːbviəs/
adj. 明显的，显而易见的
Ex: The mistake was obvious to everyone.
例句翻译：这个错误对每个人来说都很明显。
分析：表示非常容易看出来，不需要多想。
intentionally /ɪnˈtenʃənəli/
adv. 故意地，有意地
Ex: He didn't do it intentionally.
例句翻译：他不是故意这么做的。
分析：强调行为不是偶然发生，而是带着目的做出的。
incorrect /ˌɪnkəˈrekt/
adj. 错误的，不正确的
Ex: That answer is incorrect.
例句翻译：那个答案是不正确的。
分析：与 correct 相对，指不符合事实或标准。
For example, they would respond "A" to the comparison shown in Figure 10.
比如，他们会对图10中的比较题回答“A”。
respond /rɪˈspɑːnd/
v. 回答，回应
Ex: She responded with a smile.
例句翻译：她以微笑回应。
分析：表示对问题、情况或人作出反应。
comparison /kəmˈpærɪsn/
n. 比较，对照
Ex: The chart allows an easy comparison of prices.
例句翻译：这张图表便于比较价格。
分析：指把两个或多个事物放在一起进行观察和判断。
Figure /ˈfɪɡjər/
n. 图，图表
Ex: See Figure 2 for more details.
例句翻译：更多细节请看图2。
分析：学术或书面语中常指插图、图示。
Everyone would agree that the lines were the same even though they were clearly different.
尽管这些线条明明不同，但所有人都会一致说它们是一样的。
agree /əˈɡriː/
v. 同意；意见一致
Ex: We all agree with that idea.
例句翻译：我们都同意那个想法。
分析：这里强调群体在表面上给出一致答案。
even though /ˈiːvn ðoʊ/
phr. 尽管，即使
Ex: He kept working even though he was tired.
例句翻译：尽管很累，他还是继续工作。
分析：引导让步状语从句，表示前后形成明显反差。
clearly /ˈklɪrli/
adv. 清楚地，明显地
Ex: She spoke clearly and slowly.
例句翻译：她说得清楚而缓慢。
分析：表示事实本来非常明确，没有歧义。
The subject, who was unaware of the ruse, would immediately become bewildered.
那位并不知道这场骗局的受试者，会立刻变得困惑不已。
subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
n. 受试者，实验对象
Ex: Each subject answered the same question.
例句翻译：每位受试者都回答了同样的问题。
分析：实验语境中的核心词，指接受观察的人。
ruse /ruːz/
n. 计谋，骗局
Ex: It was all part of a clever ruse.
例句翻译：这全都是一个巧妙骗局的一部分。
分析：正式词，指为了欺骗他人而设计的策略。
bewildered /bɪˈwɪldərd/
adj. 困惑的，茫然的
Ex: He looked bewildered by the question.
例句翻译：他被这个问题弄得一脸困惑。
分析：表示完全搞不清楚状况，带有明显的心理冲击。
Their eyes would open wide.
他们会睁大眼睛。
open wide /ˈoʊpən waɪd/
phr. 睁得大大的；张得很开
Ex: His mouth opened wide in surprise.
例句翻译：他惊讶地张大了嘴。
分析：常用于描述惊讶、震惊时的身体反应。
eyes /aɪz/
n. 眼睛（复数）
Ex: Her eyes showed fear.
例句翻译：她的眼神流露出恐惧。
分析：这里通过眼睛的变化来表现心理上的震惊。
They would laugh nervously to themselves.
他们会紧张地自顾自发笑。
laugh /læf/
v. 笑
Ex: She laughed at the joke.
例句翻译：她因为那个笑话笑了。
分析：这里不是轻松的笑，而是一种缓解压力的反应。
nervously /ˈnɜːrvəsli/
adv. 紧张地，不安地
Ex: He spoke nervously in front of the class.
例句翻译：他在全班面前紧张地讲话。
分析：体现受试者内心的不确定和压力。
to themselves /tə ðəmˈselvz/
phr. 自顾自地，对自己
Ex: He was talking to himself quietly.
例句翻译：他在轻声自言自语。
分析：表示不是对别人，而是自己下意识地做出反应。
They would double-check the reactions of other participants.
他们会反复确认其他参与者的反应。
double-check /ˌdʌbl ˈtʃek/
v. 再三核实，反复确认
Ex: Please double-check your answers.
例句翻译：请再检查一遍你的答案。
分析：说明受试者开始怀疑自己，需要再次确认外界信息。
reactions /riˈækʃənz/
n. 反应（复数）
Ex: We watched their reactions closely.
例句翻译：我们仔细观察了他们的反应。
分析：指他人对某件事表现出的态度、表情或行为。
participants /pɑːrˈtɪsɪpənts/
n. 参与者（复数）
Ex: All participants stayed silent.
例句翻译：所有参与者都保持沉默。
分析：这里再次强调受试者在观察群体。
Their agitation would grow as one person after another delivered the same incorrect response.
随着一个接一个的人给出同样错误的回答，他们的不安会越来越强。
agitation /ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃn/
n. 焦躁，不安
Ex: His agitation was easy to notice.
例句翻译：他的不安很容易被看出来。
分析：指心理上的烦躁、焦虑和不稳定。
one person after another /wʌn ˈpɜːrsn ˈæftər əˈnʌðər/
phr. 一个接一个地
Ex: One person after another raised a hand.
例句翻译：人们一个接一个地举手。
分析：强调群体压力是连续不断叠加上来的。
delivered /dɪˈlɪvərd/
v. 给出，说出（过去式）
Ex: She delivered her answer calmly.
例句翻译：她平静地给出了答案。
分析：这里指正式地说出某个回答。
response /rɪˈspɑːns/
n. 回答，反应
Ex: His response surprised everyone.
例句翻译：他的回答让所有人都吃惊。
分析：比 answer 稍正式，可指口头或行为上的回应。
Soon, the subject began to doubt their own eyes.
很快，这位受试者就开始怀疑自己的眼睛。
doubt /daʊt/
v. 怀疑
Ex: She began to doubt the result.
例句翻译：她开始怀疑这个结果。
分析：表示不再完全相信自己原本的判断。
own /oʊn/
adj. 自己的
Ex: You should trust your own judgment.
例句翻译：你应该相信自己的判断。
分析：起强调作用，突出受试者连最直接的视觉判断都动摇了。
Eventually, they delivered the answer they knew in their heart to be incorrect.
最终，他们说出了那个自己心里明明知道是错误的答案。
Eventually /ɪˈventʃuəli/
adv. 最终，终于
Ex: Eventually, he changed his mind.
例句翻译：最终，他改变了主意。
分析：表示事情经过一段过程后到了最后结果。
in their heart /ɪn ðer hɑːrt/
phr. 在内心深处
Ex: She knew in her heart that he was right.
例句翻译：她内心深处知道他是对的。
分析：强调内心真实判断和外在回答之间的冲突。
incorrect /ˌɪnkəˈrekt/
adj. 错误的
Ex: The statement is incorrect.
例句翻译：这句话是错误的。
分析：再次点明他们明知答案不对，却仍然顺从群体。
Asch ran this experiment many times and in many different ways.
阿希用许多不同的方式重复做了这个实验很多次。
ran /ræn/
v. 进行，实施（run 的过去式）
Ex: The team ran the test twice.
例句翻译：团队进行了两次测试。
分析：在实验语境中，run 常表示“开展、执行”实验。
different ways /ˈdɪfrənt weɪz/
phr. 不同方式
Ex: People learn in different ways.
例句翻译：人们以不同方式学习。
分析：说明实验不是一次性的，而是经过多种变化和重复验证。
What he discovered was that as the number of actors increased, so did the conformity of the subject.
他发现，随着演员人数的增加，受试者的从众程度也会随之上升。
discovered /dɪˈskʌvərd/
v. 发现
Ex: Scientists discovered a new pattern.
例句翻译：科学家发现了一种新模式。
分析：指通过观察或研究得出新的结论。
increased /ɪnˈkriːst/
v. 增加，上升（过去式）
Ex: Sales increased last month.
例句翻译：上个月销量增加了。
分析：表示数量变多或程度提高。
conformity /kənˈfɔːrməti/
n. 从众，一致化
Ex: The study measured social conformity.
例句翻译：这项研究测量了社会从众现象。
分析：心理学重要概念，指个体为了和群体一致而改变自己。
subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
n. 受试者
Ex: The subject changed the answer at last.
例句翻译：这位受试者最后改了答案。
分析：这里特指实验中的被观察对象。
If it was just the subject and one actor, then there was no effect on the person's choice.
如果房间里只有受试者和一个演员，那么这个人几乎不会受到影响。
effect /ɪˈfekt/
n. 影响，效果
Ex: The medicine had little effect.
例句翻译：这药效果不大。
分析：指某个因素对结果产生的改变。
choice /tʃɔɪs/
n. 选择
Ex: It was a difficult choice.
例句翻译：那是个艰难的选择。
分析：这里指受试者最终给出的答案选择。
actor /ˈæktər/
n. 演员
Ex: The actor followed the instructions carefully.
例句翻译：这位演员认真遵循了指示。
分析：在这里不是真的演戏，而是实验中被安排扮演参与者的人。
They just assumed they were in the room with a dummy.
他们只会以为自己是和一个傻瓜待在同一个房间里。
assumed /əˈsuːmd/
v. 以为，假定（过去式）
Ex: I assumed he already knew the news.
例句翻译：我以为他已经知道这个消息了。
分析：表示在没有充分证据下作出的判断。
dummy /ˈdʌmi/
n. 笨蛋；傀儡
Ex: He thought the other person was a dummy.
例句翻译：他觉得对方是个笨蛋。
分析：这里是口语化说法，表示对方明显答错，所以被看成很笨。
When two actors were in the room with the subject, there was still little impact.
当房间里有两个演员和受试者在一起时，影响仍然很小。
impact /ˈɪmpækt/
n. 影响，冲击
Ex: The speech had a strong impact on me.
例句翻译：那场演讲对我影响很大。
分析：和 effect 接近，但更强调冲击力或作用程度。
still /stɪl/
adv. 仍然，依旧
Ex: It is still raining outside.
例句翻译：外面还在下雨。
分析：强调即使人数增加到两个，结果也没有明显变化。
actors /ˈæktərz/
n. 演员（复数）
Ex: The actors all gave the same answer.
例句翻译：这些演员都给出了同样的答案。
分析：复数形式表明群体压力开始形成，但还不够强。
But as the number of people increased to three actors and four and all the way to eight, the subject became more likely to second-guess themselves.
但当人数增加到三个、四个，甚至一路增加到八个演员时，受试者就更容易开始怀疑自己。
increased /ɪnˈkriːst/
v. 增加（过去式）
Ex: The pressure increased over time.
例句翻译：压力随着时间增加。
分析：这里强调群体人数不断上升。
all the way to /ɔːl ðə weɪ tə/
phr. 一直到，甚至达到
Ex: The road goes all the way to the coast.
例句翻译：这条路一直通到海边。
分析：表示程度或数量不断延伸到更高水平。
likely /ˈlaɪkli/
adj. 可能的
Ex: You are more likely to succeed with practice.
例句翻译：通过练习你更可能成功。
分析：be likely to 表示某种结果发生的概率更大。
second-guess /ˌsekənd ˈɡes/
v. 事后怀疑；反复怀疑自己的判断
Ex: Don't second-guess yourself too much.
例句翻译：不要过度怀疑自己。
分析：很贴切地描述了人在群体压力下对自己判断失去信心。
By the end of the experiment, nearly 75 percent of the subjects had agreed with the group answer even though it was obviously incorrect.
到实验结束时，将近75%的受试者都认同了群体给出的答案，尽管那个答案显然是错误的。
nearly /ˈnɪrli/
adv. 几乎，将近
Ex: Nearly half the class was absent.
例句翻译：班里将近一半人缺席。
分析：表示接近某个数字，但还没完全达到。
percent /pərˈsent/
n. 百分之……
Ex: Only ten percent answered correctly.
例句翻译：只有百分之十答对了。
分析：用于表达比例，是统计结果中的关键数字。
group answer /ɡruːp ˈænsər/
phr. 群体答案
Ex: He followed the group answer instead of his own.
例句翻译：他跟随了群体答案，而没有坚持自己的判断。
分析：强调个体最终顺从了大多数人的统一选择。
obviously /ˈɑːbviəsli/
adv. 显然地，明显地
Ex: The result was obviously unfair.
例句翻译：这个结果显然不公平。
分析：进一步凸显从众现象的强大，因为答案明明一看就错。
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