📖 今天要学习的句子
One of the most effective ways to reduce the friction associated with your habits is to practice environment design. In Chapter 6, we discussed environment design as a method for making cues more obvious, but you can also optimize your environment to make actions easier. For example, when deciding where to practice a new habit, it is best to choose a place that is already along the path of your daily routine. Habits are easier to build when they fit into the flow of your life. You are more likely to go to the gym if it is on your way to work because stopping doesn’t add much friction to your lifestyle. By comparison, if the gym is off the path of your normal commute—even by just a few blocks—now you’re going “out of your way” to get there. Perhaps even more effective is reducing the friction within your home or office. Too often, we try to start habits in high-friction environments. We try to follow a strict diet while we are out to dinner with friends. We try to write a book in a chaotic household. We try to concentrate while using a smartphone filled with distractions. It doesn’t have to be this way. We can remove the points of friction that hold us back. This is precisely what electronics manufacturers in Japan began to do in the 1970s. In an article published in the New Yorker titled “Better All the Time,” James Suroweicki writes: Japanese firms emphasized what came to be known as ‘lean production,’ relentlessly looking to remove waste of all kinds from the production process, down to redesigning workspaces, so workers didn’t have to waste time twisting and turning to reach their tools. The result was that Japanese factories were more efficient and Japanese products were more reliable than American ones. In 1974, service calls for American-made color televisions were five times as common as for Japanese televisions. By 1979, it took American workers three times as long to assemble their sets.
减少与习惯相关的摩擦,最有效的方法之一就是进行“环境设计”。在第6章里,我们讨论过环境设计如何让提示更明显;但你也可以通过优化环境,让行动更容易发生。比如,当你决定在哪里练习一个新习惯时,最好选择一个已经位于你日常路线上的地方。当习惯能融入你生活的节奏时,它更容易建立。如果健身房在你上班路上,你就更可能去,因为顺路停一下不会给你的生活方式增加太多摩擦。相反,如果健身房偏离了你正常的通勤路线——哪怕只偏几条街——你现在就得“特意绕路”才能到。 更有效的做法,可能是减少你家里或办公室内部的摩擦。很多时候,我们试图在高摩擦的环境里开始新习惯:和朋友外出吃饭时还想严格节食;在混乱的家庭环境里写书;用一部充满干扰的手机却想保持专注。其实不必如此。我们可以移除那些拖住我们的摩擦点。这正是日本的电子制造商在20世纪70年代开始做的事情。 《纽约客》上有一篇题为《Better All the Time》的文章,詹姆斯·苏罗维茨基写道: “日本公司强调一种后来被称为‘精益生产’的方法,持续不断地寻找并移除生产过程中各种形式的浪费,甚至细到重新设计工作区,让工人不必为了拿到工具而浪费时间扭来扭去。结果是,日本工厂更高效,日本产品也比美国产品更可靠。1974年,美国产彩色电视的上门维修呼叫次数是日本电视的五倍。到了1979年,美国工人组装电视机所花的时间是日本工人的三倍。”
One of the most effective ways to reduce the friction associated with your habits is to practice environment design.
减少与习惯相关的摩擦,最有效的方法之一就是进行“环境设计”。
effective /ɪˈfektɪv/
adj. 有效的
Ex: This is an effective method.
例句翻译:这是一个有效的方法。
分析:强调能带来结果,而不只是听起来合理。
friction /ˈfrɪkʃn/
n. 摩擦;阻力(比喻)
Ex: Reduce friction to make habits easier.
例句翻译:减少阻力让习惯更容易。
分析:本书核心隐喻:阻力越小,行为越容易发生。
associated with /əˈsoʊsieɪtɪd wɪð/
phr. 与……相关
Ex: Stress is associated with poor sleep.
例句翻译:压力与睡眠差有关。
分析:表示相关联,不一定是直接因果。
environment design /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt dɪˈzaɪn/
n. 环境设计
Ex: Environment design can support good habits.
例句翻译:环境设计能支持好习惯。
分析:指通过调整环境布局与提示,降低行动难度。
In Chapter 6, we discussed environment design as a method for making cues more obvious, but you can also optimize your environment to make actions easier.
在第6章里,我们讨论过环境设计如何让提示更明显;但你也可以通过优化环境,让行动更容易发生。
cues /kjuːz/
n. 提示;线索(复数)
Ex: Visible cues shape behavior.
例句翻译:可见的提示会塑造行为。
分析:习惯语境:触发你行动的信号。
obvious /ˈɑːbviəs/
adj. 明显的
Ex: Make the cue obvious.
例句翻译:让提示变得明显。
分析:与 invisible 对比,强调容易注意到。
optimize /ˈɑːptɪmaɪz/
v. 优化
Ex: Optimize your workflow.
例句翻译:优化你的工作流程。
分析:不是推翻重来,而是调整到更省力、更高效。
actions /ˈækʃnz/
n. 行动(复数)
Ex: Small actions compound over time.
例句翻译:小行动会随时间叠加。
分析:强调具体执行的行为,而非计划。
For example, when deciding where to practice a new habit, it is best to choose a place that is already along the path of your daily routine.
比如,当你决定在哪里练习一个新习惯时,最好选择一个已经位于你日常路线上的地方。
deciding /dɪˈsaɪdɪŋ/
v. 决定(现在分词)
Ex: She is deciding what to do next.
例句翻译:她在决定下一步做什么。
分析:decide where to... 表示做地点选择。
practice /ˈpræktɪs/
v./n. 练习;实践
Ex: Practice the habit daily.
例句翻译:每天练习这个习惯。
分析:这里强调“做出来”,通过重复让习惯成型。
along the path /əˈlɔːŋ ðə pæθ/
phr. 在路线上;沿途
Ex: The store is along my usual path.
例句翻译:商店在我常走的路线上。
分析:比喻:把习惯放到现有路线里,降低额外成本。
routine /ruːˈtiːn/
n. 日常;例行流程
Ex: A morning routine.
例句翻译:晨间例行流程。
分析:routine 越稳定,习惯越容易嵌入。
Habits are easier to build when they fit into the flow of your life.
当习惯能融入你生活的节奏时,它更容易建立。
fit into /fɪt ˈɪntuː/
phr. 融入;适配进
Ex: It fits into my schedule.
例句翻译:它能融入我的日程。
分析:强调与现有安排兼容,而不是额外负担。
flow /floʊ/
n. 流动;节奏
Ex: The flow of the day felt smooth.
例句翻译:这一天的节奏很顺畅。
分析:flow of your life 指生活节奏/动线。
build /bɪld/
v. 建立;培养
Ex: Build a reading habit.
例句翻译:培养阅读习惯。
分析:强调从无到有逐步建立。
You are more likely to go to the gym if it is on your way to work because stopping doesn’t add much friction to your lifestyle.
如果健身房在你上班路上,你就更可能去,因为顺路停一下不会给你的生活方式增加太多摩擦。
more likely /mɔːr ˈlaɪkli/
phr. 更可能
Ex: You're more likely to succeed with a plan.
例句翻译:有计划你更可能成功。
分析:表示概率提高,常用于习惯形成讨论。
on your way /ɑːn jʊr weɪ/
phr. 顺路;在去……的路上
Ex: The café is on my way home.
例句翻译:咖啡馆在我回家路上。
分析:顺路=额外成本低,摩擦更小。
stopping /ˈstɑːpɪŋ/
n./v. 停一下;顺便停留(现在分词)
Ex: Stopping for ten minutes is easy.
例句翻译:停十分钟很容易。
分析:这里指中途停靠健身房,额外成本不大。
lifestyle /ˈlaɪfstaɪl/
n. 生活方式
Ex: Exercise can change your lifestyle.
例句翻译:运动能改变你的生活方式。
分析:指长期习惯与生活结构的组合。
By comparison, if the gym is off the path of your normal commute—even by just a few blocks—now you’re going “out of your way” to get there.
相反,如果健身房偏离了你正常的通勤路线——哪怕只偏几条街——你现在就得“特意绕路”才能到。
by comparison /baɪ kəmˈpærɪsn/
phr. 相比之下
Ex: By comparison, this option is harder.
例句翻译:相比之下,这个选项更难。
分析:用于对照前一句“顺路”的情况。
commute /kəˈmjuːt/
n./v. 通勤
Ex: He has a long commute.
例句翻译:他通勤时间很长。
分析:normal commute 指平时固定通勤路线。
a few blocks /ə fjuː blɑːks/
phr. 几个街区
Ex: It's just a few blocks away.
例句翻译:就隔几个街区。
分析:强调偏离幅度不大,但摩擦立刻上升。
out of your way /aʊt əv jʊr weɪ/
phr. 绕路;特意去(不顺路)
Ex: I went out of my way to help him.
例句翻译:我特意帮了他一把。
分析:这里是空间意义:不顺路=额外成本。
Perhaps even more effective is reducing the friction within your home or office.
更有效的做法,可能是减少你家里或办公室内部的摩擦。
perhaps /pərˈhæps/
adv. 也许;可能
Ex: Perhaps this will help.
例句翻译:也许这会有帮助。
分析:语气留余地:提出更强建议但不绝对。
within /wɪˈðɪn/
prep. 在……之内
Ex: Within the company.
例句翻译:在公司内部。
分析:强调“内部环境”,而不是通勤路线上。
reduce /rɪˈduːs/
v. 减少;降低
Ex: Reduce the steps required.
例句翻译:减少所需步骤。
分析:make it easy 的关键动词:先减少摩擦。
Too often, we try to start habits in high-friction environments.
很多时候,我们试图在高摩擦的环境里开始新习惯。
too often /tuː ˈɔːfn/
phr. 太经常;常常
Ex: Too often, we delay action.
例句翻译:我们常常拖延行动。
分析:用来批评常见错误:反复发生的问题。
high-friction /haɪ ˈfrɪkʃn/
adj. 高阻力的(摩擦大的)
Ex: A high-friction process slows you down.
例句翻译:高阻力流程会拖慢你。
分析:这里指需要额外意志力、容易被打断的环境。
environments /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts/
n. 环境(复数)
Ex: Your environments shape your habits.
例句翻译:环境塑造习惯。
分析:泛指家庭、社交、办公等情境。
We try to follow a strict diet while we are out to dinner with friends.
和朋友外出吃饭时还想严格节食。
follow /ˈfɑːloʊ/
v. 遵循;照做
Ex: Follow the instructions.
例句翻译:照说明做。
分析:follow a diet 指遵循饮食计划。
strict /strɪkt/
adj. 严格的
Ex: A strict schedule.
例句翻译:严格的日程。
分析:严格=限制多,摩擦更大。
diet /ˈdaɪət/
n. 饮食;节食方案
Ex: He is on a diet.
例句翻译:他在节食。
分析:这里指控制饮食的计划,而不是一般饮食习惯。
out to dinner /aʊt tuː ˈdɪnər/
phr. 外出吃饭
Ex: We went out to dinner last night.
例句翻译:我们昨晚外出吃饭。
分析:社交场景通常诱惑更多,摩擦更大。
We try to write a book in a chaotic household.
在混乱的家庭环境里写书。
chaotic /keɪˈɑːtɪk/
adj. 混乱的;嘈杂无序的
Ex: A chaotic morning.
例句翻译:混乱的早晨。
分析:强调不可控、干扰多,难以专注。
household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/
n. 家庭;家里
Ex: Household chores.
例句翻译:家务。
分析:写作需要安静专注,而 household 往往有打断。
write /raɪt/
v. 写作
Ex: Write a chapter every week.
例句翻译:每周写一章。
分析:这里是高摩擦任务的代表。
We try to concentrate while using a smartphone filled with distractions.
用一部充满干扰的手机却想保持专注。
concentrate /ˈkɑːnsntreɪt/
v. 专注;集中注意力
Ex: It's hard to concentrate here.
例句翻译:在这里很难专注。
分析:concentrate on 表示把注意力锁定在某事上。
smartphone /ˈsmɑːrtfoʊn/
n. 智能手机
Ex: Put your smartphone away.
例句翻译:把手机收起来。
分析:手机本身是强提示源,容易触发习惯性使用。
filled with /fɪld wɪð/
phr. 充满……
Ex: A room filled with noise.
例句翻译:充满噪音的房间。
分析:强调干扰很多,环境摩擦高。
distractions /dɪˈstrækʃnz/
n. 干扰;分心事物(复数)
Ex: Turn off distractions.
例句翻译:关掉干扰源。
分析:分心源会抢走注意力,降低执行难习惯的概率。
It doesn’t have to be this way.
其实不必如此。
doesn’t have to /ˈdʌznt hæv tuː/
phr. 不必;不一定非得
Ex: It doesn't have to be perfect.
例句翻译:不一定非得完美。
分析:表达“有替代方案/可以改变现状”。
this way /ðɪs weɪ/
phr. 这样;以这种方式
Ex: Don't do it this way.
例句翻译:别这样做。
分析:指前文那种“高摩擦环境里硬做”的方式。
We can remove the points of friction that hold us back.
我们可以移除那些拖住我们的摩擦点。
remove /rɪˈmuːv/
v. 移除;去掉
Ex: Remove one obstacle at a time.
例句翻译:一次移除一个障碍。
分析:核心动词:不是硬扛,而是先去除阻力。
points of friction /pɔɪnts əv ˈfrɪkʃn/
phr. 摩擦点;阻力点
Ex: Identify points of friction in your routine.
例句翻译:找出日常中的阻力点。
分析:具体化的阻力来源:一步多、东西不好找、容易分心等。
hold ... back /hoʊld bæk/
phr. 阻碍;拖住
Ex: Fear holds people back.
例句翻译:恐惧会拖住人。
分析:表示让你无法前进或难以坚持。
This is precisely what electronics manufacturers in Japan began to do in the 1970s.
这正是日本的电子制造商在20世纪70年代开始做的事情。
precisely /prɪˈsaɪsli/
adv. 正是;精确地
Ex: That's precisely the point.
例句翻译:这正是关键点。
分析:强调完全对应、正是如此。
electronics /ɪˌlekˈtrɑːnɪks/
n. 电子产品;电子学(语境常指电子行业)
Ex: Electronics companies innovate quickly.
例句翻译:电子公司创新很快。
分析:这里指电子制造业领域。
manufacturers /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərərz/
n. 制造商(复数)
Ex: Manufacturers improved quality.
例句翻译:制造商提升了质量。
分析:指生产产品的公司/工厂。
began /bɪˈɡæn/
v. 开始(过去式)
Ex: They began to change the process.
例句翻译:他们开始改变流程。
分析:began to do 表示开始采取行动。
In an article published in the New Yorker titled “Better All the Time,” James Suroweicki writes:
《纽约客》上有一篇题为《Better All the Time》的文章,詹姆斯·苏罗维茨基写道:
published /ˈpʌblɪʃt/
adj./v. 已发表的;出版的
Ex: The paper was published in 2020.
例句翻译:这篇论文发表于2020年。
分析:published in 表示发表在某刊物/平台上。
titled /ˈtaɪtld/
adj. 名为……的
Ex: A book titled "Atomic Habits".
例句翻译:一本名为《原子习惯》的书。
分析:用于介绍文章/书籍的标题。
article /ˈɑːrtɪkl/
n. 文章
Ex: I read an article yesterday.
例句翻译:我昨天读了一篇文章。
分析:中性词,指杂志/报纸/网络文章。
writes /raɪts/
v. 写道(第三人称单数)
Ex: She writes that habits matter.
例句翻译:她写道习惯很重要。
分析:用于引出引用内容。
Japanese firms emphasized what came to be known as ‘lean production,’ relentlessly looking to remove waste of all kinds from the production process, down to redesigning workspaces, so workers didn’t have to waste time twisting and turning to reach their tools.
日本公司强调一种后来被称为‘精益生产’的方法,持续不断地寻找并移除生产过程中各种形式的浪费,甚至细到重新设计工作区,让工人不必为了拿到工具而浪费时间扭来扭去。
lean production /liːn prəˈdʌkʃn/
n. 精益生产
Ex: Lean production reduces waste.
例句翻译:精益生产减少浪费。
分析:管理术语:通过去除浪费来提升效率与质量。
relentlessly /rɪˈlentləsli/
adv. 不懈地;持续不断地
Ex: They worked relentlessly.
例句翻译:他们不懈努力。
分析:强调长期、不断重复地改进。
waste /weɪst/
n. 浪费;废弃
Ex: Reduce waste in the process.
例句翻译:减少流程中的浪费。
分析:精益核心概念:不创造价值的步骤都算浪费。
redesigning /ˌriːdɪˈzaɪnɪŋ/
v. 重新设计(现在分词)
Ex: They are redesigning the workspace.
例句翻译:他们在重新设计工作区。
分析:把环境改到更顺手,减少动作与时间的摩擦。
The result was that Japanese factories were more efficient and Japanese products were more reliable than American ones.
结果是,日本工厂更高效,日本产品也比美国产品更可靠。
result /rɪˈzʌlt/
n. 结果
Ex: The result was impressive.
例句翻译:结果令人印象深刻。
分析:The result was that... 用来引出结论。
efficient /ɪˈfɪʃnt/
adj. 高效的
Ex: An efficient system saves time.
例句翻译:高效系统节省时间。
分析:强调单位时间产出更高、浪费更少。
reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/
adj. 可靠的;稳定的
Ex: A reliable product.
例句翻译:可靠的产品。
分析:指故障少、质量稳定。
factories /ˈfæktriz/
n. 工厂(复数)
Ex: Factories improved their process.
例句翻译:工厂改进了流程。
分析:制造业语境中常用,承接生产流程。
In 1974, service calls for American-made color televisions were five times as common as for Japanese televisions.
1974年,美国产彩色电视的上门维修呼叫次数是日本电视的五倍。
service calls /ˈsɜːrvɪs kɔːlz/
n. 上门维修请求;报修电话(复数)
Ex: Service calls increased this year.
例句翻译:今年报修电话增加了。
分析:指用户联系维修服务的次数,用来衡量故障率。
American-made /əˈmerɪkən meɪd/
adj. 美国制造的
Ex: American-made products.
例句翻译:美国制造的产品。
分析:made in America 的形容词写法。
five times /faɪv taɪmz/
phr. 五倍
Ex: It was five times bigger.
例句翻译:它大了五倍。
分析:用于强调差距巨大。
as common as /æz ˈkɑːmən æz/
phr. 和……一样常见(比较结构)
Ex: This is as common as before.
例句翻译:这和以前一样常见。
分析:five times as common as = 比……常见五倍。
By 1979, it took American workers three times as long to assemble their sets.
到了1979年,美国工人组装电视机所花的时间是日本工人的三倍。
by 1979 /baɪ ˌnaɪnˈtiːn ˌseventi ˈnaɪn/
phr. 到了1979年
Ex: By 2020, the trend had changed.
例句翻译:到了2020年,这个趋势变了。
分析:by + 时间点 表示“到某时为止”。
took /tʊk/
v. 花费(时间)(过去式)
Ex: It took two hours.
例句翻译:花了两个小时。
分析:It takes/took + 时间,表示耗时。
assemble /əˈsembl/
v. 组装
Ex: Assemble the parts carefully.
例句翻译:小心组装零件。
分析:制造业高频动词:把零件装成成品。
three times as long /θriː taɪmz æz lɔːŋ/
phr. 时间长三倍
Ex: It took three times as long.
例句翻译:花的时间长三倍。
分析:as long 指时间长度;倍数比较强调效率差距。
🎮 Vocabulary Challenge
单词大闯关:检测一下今天的学习成果吧!
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🧩 Spelling Builder
单词拼写积木:听音辨义,组装单词!
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📝 Lesson Reflection
课后总结:你从这节课中学到了什么?
Question: What have you learned from today's lesson?
提示 Tips 尝试用今天学到的新单词或句子,用自己的话简单总结一下文章的主旨或你的感悟吧!(支持中英文记录)
🔥 100 Core Words Review
百词斩:核心词汇复习(每日30词)
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