ANNE THORNDIKE, A primary care physician at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, had a crazy idea.She believed she could improve the eating habits of thousands of hospital staff and visitors without changing their willpower or motivation in the slightest way.In fact, she didn’t plan on talking to them at all.Thorndike and her colleagues designed a six-month study to alter the “choice architecture” of the hospital cafeteria.They started by changing how drinks were arranged in the room.Originally, the refrigerators located next to the cash registers in the cafeteria were filled with only soda.The researchers added water as an option to each one.Additionally, they placed baskets of bottled water next to the food stations throughout the room.Soda was still in the primary refrigerators, but water was now available at all drink locations.Over the next three months, the number of soda sales at the hospital dropped by 11.4 percent.Meanwhile, sales of bottled water increased by 25.8 percent.They made similar adjustments—and saw similar results— with the food in the cafeteria.Nobody had said a word to anyone eating there.
ANNE THORNDIKE, A primary care physician at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, had a crazy idea.
波士顿麻省总医院的初级保健医生安妮·桑代克有一个疯狂的想法。
primary care/ˈpraɪməri keər/
n. 初级保健;基层医疗
Ex: She works in primary care.
例句翻译:她从事初级保健工作。 分析:名词词组,指人们生病时首先接触的医疗服务。
physician/fɪˈzɪʃn/
n. 医生,内科医生
Ex: He is a respected physician.
例句翻译:他是一位受人尊敬的医生。 分析:名词,通常指内科医生。
She believed she could improve the eating habits of thousands of hospital staff and visitors without changing their willpower or motivation in the slightest way.
她相信她可以改善成千上万名医院员工和访客的饮食习惯,而无需以任何方式改变他们的意志力或动机。
willpower/ˈwɪlpaʊər/
n. 意志力
Ex: It takes willpower to quit smoking.
例句翻译:戒烟需要意志力。 分析:名词,指控制冲动和坚持目标的能力。
motivation/ˌmoʊtɪˈveɪʃn/
n. 动机;动力
Ex: He lacks the motivation to study.
例句翻译:他缺乏学习的动力。 分析:名词,指促使人采取行动的原因。
in the slightest way/ɪn ðə ˈslaɪtɪst weɪ/
phr. 丝毫;以任何方式
Ex: It didn't bother me in the slightest way.
例句翻译:它丝毫没有打扰到我。 分析:词组,用于强调否定或程度极小。
In fact, she didn’t plan on talking to them at all.
事实上,她根本不打算和他们说话。
plan on/plæn ɒn/
phr. 打算;计划
Ex: I plan on leaving early.
例句翻译:我打算早点离开。 分析:动词短语,后接名词或动名词,表示有计划做某事。
Thorndike and her colleagues designed a six-month study to alter the “choice architecture” of the hospital cafeteria.
桑代克和她的同事设计了一项为期六个月的研究,以改变医院食堂的“选择架构”。
colleague/ˈkɒliːɡ/
n. 同事
Ex: She is a former colleague of mine.
例句翻译:她是我以前的同事。 分析:名词,指一起工作的人。
alter/ˈɔːltər/
v. 改变,更改
Ex: We had to alter our plans.
例句翻译:我们不得不改变计划。 分析:动词,指在外观、性质或性质上做出改变。
architecture/ˈɑːrkɪtektʃər/
n. 架构;建筑学
Ex: Choice architecture influences decisions.
例句翻译:选择架构影响决策。 分析:名词,此处引申为设计和组织选择的方式。
cafeteria/ˌkæfəˈtɪəriə/
n. 食堂,自助餐厅
Ex: Let's eat in the cafeteria.
例句翻译:我们在食堂吃饭吧。 分析:名词,指学校或工作场所提供餐饮的地方。
They started by changing how drinks were arranged in the room.
他们从改变房间里饮料的排列方式开始。
arrange/əˈreɪndʒ/
v. 安排;排列
Ex: Arrange the books on the shelf.
例句翻译:把书排列在书架上。 分析:动词,指将事物以特定的顺序放置。
Originally, the refrigerators located next to the cash registers in the cafeteria were filled with only soda.
起初,位于食堂收银台旁边的冰箱里只装满了苏打水。
originally/əˈrɪdʒənəli/
adv. 起初,原来
Ex: Originally, we wanted to go to Paris.
例句翻译:起初,我们想去巴黎。 分析:副词,用于描述事情最开始的状态。
refrigerator/rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪtər/
n. 冰箱
Ex: Put the milk in the refrigerator.
例句翻译:把牛奶放进冰箱里。 分析:名词,通常缩写为fridge。
cash register/kæʃ ˈredʒɪstər/
n. 收银台
Ex: Please pay at the cash register.
例句翻译:请在收银台付款。 分析:名词词组,商店里用来算账和存放现金的机器。
The researchers added water as an option to each one.
研究人员在每个冰箱里增加了水作为一个选项。
researcher/rɪˈsɜːrtʃər/
n. 研究人员
Ex: A medical researcher.
例句翻译:一名医学研究人员。 分析:名词,从事科学或学术研究的人。
option/ˈɒpʃn/
n. 选项,选择权
Ex: We have no other option.
例句翻译:我们没有其他选择。 分析:名词,指可以从中选择的事物。
Additionally, they placed baskets of bottled water next to the food stations throughout the room.
此外,他们在整个房间的食物站旁边放置了一筐筐的瓶装水。
additionally/əˈdɪʃənəli/
adv. 此外;另外
Ex: Additionally, it provides free Wi-Fi.
例句翻译:此外,它还提供免费无线网络。 分析:副词,用于补充新的信息或论点。
basket/ˈbæskɪt/
n. 篮子
Ex: A basket of fruit.
例句翻译:一篮水果。 分析:名词,用藤条、塑料等制成的容器。
Soda was still in the primary refrigerators, but water was now available at all drink locations.
苏打水仍然在主要的冰箱里,但现在所有提供饮料的地方都可以拿到水了。
primary/ˈpraɪməri/
adj. 主要的
Ex: Our primary goal is safety.
例句翻译:我们的主要目标是安全。 分析:形容词,指最重要的或首要的。
available/əˈveɪləbl/
adj. 可获得的,可用的
Ex: Tickets are available online.
例句翻译:门票可以在线获取。 分析:形容词,指能够被找到、使用或购买的。
Over the next three months, the number of soda sales at the hospital dropped by 11.4 percent.
在接下来的三个月里,医院苏打水的销售量下降了11.4%。
sales/seɪlz/
n. 销售额,销量
Ex: Retail sales fell in November.
例句翻译:11月份零售额下降了。 分析:名词复数,指售出商品的总量或总额。
drop/drɒp/
v. 下降,跌落
Ex: Temperatures will drop tomorrow.
例句翻译:明天温度会下降。 分析:动词,指数量、水平或价值减少。
Meanwhile, sales of bottled water increased by 25.8 percent.
与此同时,瓶装水的销售量增加了25.8%。
meanwhile/ˈmiːnwaɪl/
adv. 与此同时
Ex: Meanwhile, the problem is getting worse.
例句翻译:与此同时,问题变得更糟了。 分析:副词,用于连接同时发生的两个事件。
increase/ɪnˈkriːs/
v. 增加
Ex: The population has increased.
例句翻译:人口增加了。 分析:动词,指数量、大小或程度变大。
They made similar adjustments—and saw similar results— with the food in the cafeteria.
他们对食堂里的食物也做了类似的调整——并看到了类似的结果。
similar/ˈsɪmələ/
adj. 相似的
Ex: We have similar tastes in music.
例句翻译:我们在音乐上有相似的品味。 分析:形容词,指特征相近但并非完全相同。
adjustment/əˈdʒʌstmənt/
n. 调整
Ex: Make a few minor adjustments.
例句翻译:做一些小调整。 分析:名词,指为了适应新情况或达到更好效果而做的微小改变。
Nobody had said a word to anyone eating there.
没有人对在那里吃饭的任何人说过一句话。
nobody/ˈnoʊbədi/
pron. 没有人
Ex: Nobody knows the truth.
例句翻译:没有人知道真相。 分析:代词,指没有任何人。
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