📖 今天要学习的句子
IN 2001 , RESEARCHERS in Great Britain began working with 248 people to build better exercise habits over the course of two weeks. The subjects were divided into three groups. The first group was the control group. They were simply asked to track how often they exercised. The second group was the “motivation” group. They were asked not only to track their workouts but also to read some material on the benefits of exercise. The researchers also explained to the group how exercise could reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and improve heart health. Finally, there was the third group. These subjects received the same presentation as the second group, which ensured that they had equal levels of motivation. However, they were also asked to formulate a plan for when and where they would exercise over the following week. Specifically, each member of the third group completed the following sentence: “During the next week, I will partake in at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise on [DAY] at [TIME] in [PLACE].” In the first and second groups, 35 to 38 percent of people exercised at least once per week. (Interestingly, the motivational presentation given to the second group seemed to have no meaningful impact on behavior.) But 91 percent of the third group exercised at least once per week—more than double the normal rate.
2001年，英国的研究人员开始与248人合作，在两周内建立更好的锻炼习惯。受试者被分为三组。第一组是控制组。他们只是被要求记录他们锻炼的频率。第二组是“激励”组。他们不仅被要求记录锻炼情况，还要阅读一些关于锻炼益处的材料。研究人员还向该小组解释了锻炼如何降低患冠心病的风险并改善心脏健康。最后是第三组。这些受试者接受了与第二组相同的演示，这确保了他们有同等水平的动力。然而，他们还被要求制定一个计划，规划接下来一周何时何地进行锻炼。具体来说，第三组的每个成员都完成了以下句子：“在下周，我将在[时间]在[地点]进行至少20分钟的[某天]剧烈运动。”在第一组和第二组中，35%到38%的人每周至少锻炼一次。（有趣的是，给第二组的激励性演示似乎对行为没有产生有意义的影响。）但第三组中有91%的人每周至少锻炼一次——这是正常比率的两倍多。
IN 2001 , RESEARCHERS in Great Britain began working with 248 people to build better exercise habits over the course of two weeks.
2001年，英国的研究人员开始与248人合作，在两周内建立更好的锻炼习惯。
researcher /rɪˈsɜːrtʃər/
n. 研究人员
Ex: The researcher published a paper.
例句翻译：研究人员发表了一篇论文。
分析：名词，指从事学术或科学研究的人。
habit /ˈhæbɪt/
n. 习惯
Ex: He has a habit of biting his nails.
例句翻译：他有咬指甲的习惯。
分析：名词，指经常重复的行为。
over the course of /ˈoʊvər ðə kɔːrs ɒv/
phr. 在……期间
Ex: Things changed over the course of the year.
例句翻译：事情在这一年里发生了变化。
分析：习语，表示在某段时间内。
The subjects were divided into three groups.
受试者被分为三组。
subject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
n. 受试者；对象
Ex: The subjects were asked to sleep.
例句翻译：受试者被要求睡觉。
分析：名词，在实验中指被研究的人或动物。
divide into /dɪˈvaɪd ˈɪntuː/
phr. 分成
Ex: Divide the cake into six pieces.
例句翻译：把蛋糕分成六块。
分析：动词短语，指将整体分开。
The first group was the control group.
第一组是控制组。
control group /kənˈtroʊl ɡruːp/
n. 对照组；控制组
Ex: The control group received a placebo.
例句翻译：对照组接受了安慰剂。
分析：名词，实验中用作比较基准的组。
They were simply asked to track how often they exercised.
他们只是被要求记录他们锻炼的频率。
track /træk/
v. 记录；追踪
Ex: Track your progress.
例句翻译：记录你的进度。
分析：动词，指监视或记录过程。
The second group was the “motivation” group.
第二组是“激励”组。
motivation /ˌmoʊtɪˈveɪʃən/
n. 动力；激励
Ex: He lacks motivation.
例句翻译：他缺乏动力。
分析：名词，指做事的愿望或理由。
They were asked not only to track their workouts but also to read some material on the benefits of exercise.
他们不仅被要求记录锻炼情况，还要阅读一些关于锻炼益处的材料。
not only... but also /nɒt ˈoʊnli bʌt ˈɔːlsoʊ/
phr. 不仅……而且
Ex: She is not only smart but also beautiful.
例句翻译：她不仅聪明而且漂亮。
分析：关联连词，用于连接两个并列成分。
workout /ˈwɜːrkaʊt/
n. 锻炼；训练
Ex: I had a good workout today.
例句翻译：我今天锻炼得很不错。
分析：名词，指体育锻炼的时间段。
benefit /ˈbɛnɪfɪt/
n. 益处；好处
Ex: The benefits of healthy eating.
例句翻译：健康饮食的好处。
分析：名词，指优势或利润。
The researchers also explained to the group how exercise could reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and improve heart health.
研究人员还向该小组解释了锻炼如何降低患冠心病的风险并改善心脏健康。
reduce /rɪˈduːs/
v. 减少；降低
Ex: Reduce speed.
例句翻译：减速。
分析：动词，指使变小或变少。
risk /rɪsk/
n. 风险
Ex: Take a risk.
例句翻译：冒个险。
分析：名词，指危险或失败的可能性。
coronary heart disease /ˈkɔːrənɛri hɑːrt dɪˈziːz/
n. 冠心病
Ex: Diet affects coronary heart disease.
例句翻译：饮食影响冠心病。
分析：医学术语，指心脏动脉疾病。
Finally, there was the third group.
最后是第三组。
These subjects received the same presentation as the second group, which ensured that they had equal levels of motivation.
这些受试者接受了与第二组相同的演示，这确保了他们有同等水平的动力。
presentation /ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən/
n. 演示；展示
Ex: He gave a presentation on sales.
例句翻译：他做了一个关于销售的演示。
分析：名词，指正式的介绍或演讲。
ensure /ɪnˈʃʊər/
v. 确保；保证
Ex: Ensure that the door is locked.
例句翻译：确保门锁上了。
分析：动词，指使某事确定发生。
However, they were also asked to formulate a plan for when and where they would exercise over the following week.
然而，他们还被要求制定一个计划，规划接下来一周何时何地进行锻炼。
formulate /ˈfɔːrmjʊleɪt/
v. 制定；规划
Ex: Formulate a strategy.
例句翻译：制定一项策略。
分析：动词，指详细地规划或表达。
Specifically, each member of the third group completed the following sentence: “During the next week, I will partake in at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise on [DAY] at [TIME] in [PLACE].”
具体来说，第三组的每个成员都完成了以下句子：“在下周，我将在[时间]在[地点]进行至少20分钟的[某天]剧烈运动。”
partake in /pɑːrˈteɪk ɪn/
phr. 参与；参加
Ex: Partake in the festivities.
例句翻译：参加庆祝活动。
分析：动词短语，指加入活动。
vigorous /ˈvɪɡərəs/
adj. 剧烈的；有力的
Ex: Vigorous exercise is good for you.
例句翻译：剧烈运动对你有好处。
分析：形容词，指充满活力或强度的。
In the first and second groups, 35 to 38 percent of people exercised at least once per week.
在第一组和第二组中，35%到38%的人每周至少锻炼一次。
(Interestingly, the motivational presentation given to the second group seemed to have no meaningful impact on behavior.)
（有趣的是，给第二组的激励性演示似乎对行为没有产生有意义的影响。）
meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfʊl/
adj. 有意义的；重要的
Ex: Make a meaningful contribution.
例句翻译：做出有意义的贡献。
分析：形容词，指有价值或重要的。
impact /ˈɪmpækt/
n. 影响
Ex: The impact of technology on society.
例句翻译：技术对社会的影响。
分析：名词，指强烈的效果或影响。
But 91 percent of the third group exercised at least once per week—more than double the normal rate.
但第三组中有91%的人每周至少锻炼一次——这是正常比率的两倍多。
rate /reɪt/
n. 比率；速度
Ex: The crime rate is falling.
例句翻译：犯罪率正在下降。
分析：名词，指某事发生的频率或速度。
🎮 Vocabulary Challenge
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The Best Way to Start a New Habit
1. 科学研究与实验 (Research & Study)
Subjects /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/
（实验中的）受试者 / 研究对象
Control group /kənˈtrəʊl ɡruːp/
对照组
Formulate a plan /ˈfɔːrmjuleɪt/
制定计划
Presentation /ˌpreznˈteɪʃn/
报告 / 演示文稿
Voter turnout /ˈvəʊtər ˈtɜːrnaʊt/
选民投票率
Polling station /ˈpəʊlɪŋ ˈsteɪʃn/
投票站
Impact on behavior /ˈɪmpækt/
对行为的影响
2. 狄德罗的故事：财富与物品 (The Diderot Story)
Poverty /ˈpɒvərti/
贫穷 / 贫困
Afford /əˈfɔːrd/
负担得起 / 买得起
Financial troubles /faɪˈnænʃl/
经济困难
Personal library /ˈpɜːrsənl/
私人藏书
Scarlet robe /ˈskɑːrlət rəʊb/
绯红色长袍
Acquired /əˈkwaɪərd/
获得 / 购得
Possessions /pəˈzeʃnz/
财产 / 拥有的物品
Damascus rug /dəˈmæskəs rʌɡ/
大马士革地毯
Mantel /ˈmæntl/
壁炉架
3. 习惯养成的心理状态 (Psychological States)
Foggy notions /ˈfɒɡi ˈnəʊʃnz/
模糊的想法
Antsy /ˈæntsi/
坐立不安的 / 急躁的
Inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/
灵感
Salivating /ˈsælvəreɪtɪŋ/
流口水（巴甫洛夫的狗）
Conscious thought /ˈkɒnʃəs θɔːt/
有意识的思考
Implicitly /ɪmˈplɪsɪtli/
含蓄地 / 默认地
Chaotic /keɪˈɒtɪk/
混乱的
4. 日常生活动作 (Daily Life Actions)
Partake in /pɑːrˈteɪk/
参与 / 参加
Get a flu shot /fluː ʃɒt/
打流感疫苗
Meditate /ˈmedɪteɪt/
冥想
Wipe down the counter /waɪp daʊn/
擦拭台面
Dishwasher /ˈdɪʃwɒʃər/
洗碗机
Brew a cup of coffee /bruː/
煮/泡一杯咖啡
Climb into bed /klaɪm/
爬上床（准备睡觉）
5. 核心高频短语 (Essential Phrases)
More than double the normal rate
是正常比率的两倍多
Leverage both of these cues
利用这两个线索（时间+地点）
Stick with habits
坚持习惯
Sweeps away foggy notions
扫除模糊的想法
Wait for inspiration to strike
等待灵感爆发
Derail progress
干扰进度
Rationalize little exceptions
为小小的例外寻找理由（自我辩解）
Positive version of the Diderot Effect
狄德罗效应的正向版本
6. 金句扩展 (Extended Golden Sentences)
"Implementation intentions leverage both of these cues: time and location." （执行意图利用了这两个线索：时间和地点。）
"Once an implementation intention has been set, you don’t have to wait for inspiration to strike." （一旦设定了执行意图，你不需要等待灵感爆发。）
"No behavior happens in isolation. Each action becomes a cue that triggers the next behavior." （没有哪个行为是孤立发生的。每个行动都成了触发下一个行为的线索。）
"Habit stacking allows you to create a set of simple rules that guide your future behavior." （习惯堆叠允许你创建一套引导未来行为的简单规则。）
"The goal is to make the time and location so obvious that... you get an urge to do the right thing at the right time." （目标是让时间和地点变得如此显而易见……以至于你会有一种在正确的时间做正确事情的冲动。）
"One in, one out." （进一个，出一个。——极简主义习惯法则）