📖 今天要学习的句子
The fields I draw on—biology, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology, and more—have been around for many years. What I offer you is a synthesis of the best ideas smart people figured out a long time ago as well as the most compelling discoveries scientists have made recently. My contribution, I hope, is to find the ideas that matter most and connect them in a way that is highly actionable. Anything wise in these pages you should credit to the many experts who preceded me. Anything foolish, assume it is my error. The backbone of this book is my four-step model of habits—cue, craving, response, and reward—and the four laws of behavior change that evolve out of these steps. Readers with a psychology background may recognize some of these terms from operant conditioning, which was first proposed as “stimulus, response, reward” by B. F. Skinner in the 1930s and has been popularized more recently as “cue, routine, reward” in The Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg.
我所借鉴的领域——生物学、神经科学、哲学、心理学等等——早已发展多年。我为你提供的是一个综合：既包含前人早已提出的最佳思想，也涵盖近年来科学家取得的最具说服力的发现。我的贡献在于筛选出最重要的观点，并以高度可操作的方式把它们串联起来。凡是这些页面中的智慧，应归功于在我之前的众多专家；凡是愚蠢之处，请视为我的错误。

这本书的骨架是我提出的习惯四步模型——提示、渴望、反应与奖励——以及由此演化出的四个行为改变法则。有心理学背景的读者或许会在操作性条件作用中认出这些术语：它最早由 B. F. Skinner 在 20 世纪 30 年代提出为“刺激—反应—奖励”，并在查尔斯·杜希格的《习惯的力量》中被普及为“提示—常规—奖励”。
The fields I draw on—biology, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology, and more—have been around for many years.
我所借鉴的领域——生物学、神经科学、哲学、心理学等等——已经存在了很多年。
Fields[fiːldz]
领域
Ex: She works in the field of education.
例句翻译：她从事教育领域的工作。
Draw on[drɔː ɒn]
借鉴
Ex: The author draws on many sources to support his argument.
例句翻译：作者借鉴了许多资料来支持论点。
Biology[baɪˈɒlədʒi]
生物学
Ex: Biology helps us understand living organisms.
例句翻译：生物学帮助我们理解生物体。
Neuroscience[ˈnjʊəroʊˌsaɪəns]
神经科学
Ex: Neuroscience studies the brain and nervous system.
例句翻译：神经科学研究大脑和神经系统。
Philosophy[fɪˈlɒsəfi]
哲学
Ex: Philosophy explores fundamental questions about life.
例句翻译：哲学探索关于生活的基本问题。
Psychology[saɪˈkɒlədʒi]
心理学
Ex: Psychology helps us understand human behavior.
例句翻译：心理学帮助我们理解人类行为。
And more[ænd mɔːr]
等等
Ex: The course covers history, science, literature, and more.
例句翻译：课程涵盖历史、科学、文学等。
Have been around for many years[hæv bɪn əˈraʊnd fɔːr ˈmɛni jɪəz]
已经存在很多年
Ex: Democracy has been around for thousands of years.
例句翻译：民主已存在几千年。
What I offer you is a synthesis of the best ideas smart people figured out a long time ago as well as the most compelling discoveries scientists have made recently.
我提供的是一个综合：结合聪明人早就提出的最佳观点，以及科学家近期最引人注目的发现。
Offer[ˈɒfə]
提供
Ex: She offered her help to the team.
例句翻译：她向团队提供了帮助。
Synthesis[ˈsɪnθəsɪs]
综合
Ex: Innovation needs a synthesis of ideas.
例句翻译：创新需要多领域观点的综合。
Best ideas[bɛst aɪˈdɪəz]
最佳观点
Ex: The best ideas come from collaboration.
例句翻译：最好的想法来自合作。
Smart people[smɑːt ˈpiːpl]
聪明人
Ex: Smart people find innovative solutions.
例句翻译：聪明人常能找到创新解法。
Figured out[ˈfɪɡərd aʊt]
弄明白
Ex: He figured out the equation.
例句翻译：他解出了方程。
Compelling discoveries[kəmˈpɛlɪŋ dɪsˈkʌvəriz]
引人注目的发现
Ex: Compelling discoveries change views.
例句翻译：重要发现会改变认知。
Scientists[ˈsaɪəntɪsts]
科学家
Ex: Scientists made breakthroughs.
例句翻译：科学家取得了突破。
My contribution, I hope, is to find the ideas that matter most and connect them in a way that is highly actionable.
我的贡献，我希望，是找到最重要的思想，并将它们以一种高度可操作的方式连接起来。
Contribution[ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃən]
贡献
Ex: Her contribution was invaluable.
例句翻译：她的贡献不可估量。
Find the ideas[faɪnd ðə aɪˈdɪəz]
找到观点
Ex: He finds ideas that matter.
例句翻译：他发现重要的观点。
That matter most[ðæt ˈmætər moʊst]
最重要的
Ex: Focus on what matters most.
例句翻译：专注于最重要的事。
Highly actionable[ˈhaɪli ˈækʃənəbəl]
高度可操作的
Ex: The strategy is highly actionable.
例句翻译：该策略高度可操作。
Anything wise in these pages you should credit to the many experts who preceded me. Anything foolish, assume it is my error.
这些页面中的任何智慧都应归功于在我之前的众多专家；任何愚蠢之处请视为我的错误。
Anything wise[ˈɛnɪθɪŋ waɪz]
任何智慧的内容
Ex: Anything wise comes from experience.
例句翻译：智慧源于经验。
Credit to[ˈkrɛdɪt tuː]
归功于
Ex: Credit success to the team.
例句翻译：成功应归功于团队。
Experts[ˈɛkspɜːts]
专家
Ex: Experts guided the research.
例句翻译：专家指导了研究。
Preceded me[prɪˈsiːdɪd mi]
在我之前
Ex: Scholars who preceded me laid the foundation.
例句翻译：在我之前的学者奠定了基础。
My error[maɪ ˈɛrə]
我的错误
Ex: Assume any mistake is my error.
例句翻译：把任何错误都视为我的过失。
The backbone of this book is my four-step model of habits—cue, craving, response, and reward—and the four laws of behavior change that evolve out of these steps.
这本书的核心是我的四步习惯模型——提示、渴望、反应、奖励——以及由这些步骤演化出的四个行为改变法则。
Backbone[ˈbækboʊn]
骨干，核心
Ex: The backbone of the company is its team.
例句翻译：公司的核心是团队。
Four-step model[fɔːr stɛp ˈmɒdl]
四步模型
Ex: Use a four-step model to solve problems.
例句翻译：用四步模型解决问题。
Cue[kjuː]
提示
Ex: A cue triggers a habit.
例句翻译：提示会触发习惯。
Craving[ˈkreɪvɪŋ]
渴望
Ex: Craving drives behavior.
例句翻译：渴望推动行为。
Response[rɪˈspɒns]
反应
Ex: The response follows the cue.
例句翻译：反应跟随提示。
Reward[rɪˈwɔːd]
奖励
Ex: A reward reinforces a habit.
例句翻译：奖励强化习惯。
Behavior change[bɪˈheɪvjər ʧeɪndʒ]
行为改变
Ex: Behavior change is essential.
例句翻译：行为改变至关重要。
Evolve out of[ɪˈvɒlv aʊt əv]
从……发展出来
Ex: New ideas evolve out of discussion.
例句翻译：新想法源于讨论。
Readers with a psychology background may recognize some of these terms from operant conditioning, which was first proposed as “stimulus, response, reward” by B. F. Skinner in the 1930s and has been popularized more recently as “cue, routine, reward” in The Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg.
有心理学背景的读者可能会从操作性条件作用中认出这些术语：它最早由 B. F. Skinner 在 20 世纪 30 年代提出为“刺激、反应、奖励”，并在《习惯的力量》中被普及为“提示、常规、奖励”。
Psychology background[saɪˈkɒlədʒi ˈbækɡraʊnd]
心理学背景
Ex: His psychology background helps him understand behavior.
例句翻译：他的心理学背景帮助他理解行为。
Recognize[ˈrɛkəɡnaɪz]
认出
Ex: I recognized her immediately.
例句翻译：我立刻认出了她。
Operant conditioning[ˈɒpərənt kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ]
操作性条件作用
Ex: Operant conditioning uses rewards and punishments.
例句翻译：操作性条件作用使用奖惩塑造行为。
Stimulus, response, reward[ˈstɪmjʊləs, rɪˈspɒns, rɪˈwɔːd]
刺激、反应、奖励
Ex: Basic principles are stimulus, response, reward.
例句翻译：基本原则是刺激、反应、奖励。
Popularized[ˈpɒpjʊləraɪzd]
普及
Ex: The idea has been popularized recently.
例句翻译：这一概念近年来被普及。
Cue, routine, reward[kjuː, ruːˈtiːn, rɪˈwɔːd]
提示、常规、奖励
Ex: The model is cue, routine, reward.
例句翻译：该模型是提示、常规、奖励。